Essay --

Section A Plan of InvestigationBetween 1940 and 1944, France was tenanted by the German Army during World War II. The war saw the outcome of coconut palm Chanel as a national socialist spy, due to her openly antisemitic feelings, independence in business and influence as a couture designer (Vaughan 230). For these qualities she was recruited in to the Abwehr, the German military intelligence organization (134). To determine the extent of Coco Chanels involvement in Nazi missions the investigation will examine the succeeding(a) factors personal relationships with high level officials allowing her elite conduct, her collaborations with Nazis in Paris, the nature of her fly the coop for the German military intelligence service and Himmlers S.S. and did all of these factors designate her as a Nazi spy?Section B Summary of yard Personal Relationships with High Level OfficialsCoco Chanel had an intimate relationship with Hans Gunther van Dincklage, a high ranking German official (Vau ghan 141).Dincklage arranged for Chanel to stay at German occupied hotel, The Ritz. Giving her unrestricted access to German Headquarters in France (141).Romantic ties with the Duke of Westminster (Coco Chanel).Next door neighbor and friend of Fern Bedaux, Nazi collaborator ( Vaughan 151).Close relationship with British Ambassador to Spain, Sir Samuel Ho be (Samuel).Chanel was pardoned for her crimes by Winston Churchill (237).Never officially charged as a collaborator due to Churchills interpellation (Coco Chanel).Churchill intervened in both her arrest and exam (Samuel).Spared from a public trial by British Royal family (Walker).Collaborations with Nazis in ParisOne of a few(prenominal) civilians living in German Headquarters (Vaughan 141).Visas for Ch... ...e political and social conflict of Chanels involvement has dissolved as new information has been declassified and readers are exposed to the intelligence once only known to government officials. Chanel agreed to turn with the Nazi party in pursuit of her nephews return to her, not for her own personal beliefs and experience.Section E ConclusionAfter Chanels devil failed missions in sending letters of treaty negotiations she is not accredited with the designate as a spy (Vaughan 199). However she is linked to the Nazi party, for her involvement with the Abwehr (134). Chanel is considered proactive in her strategy to recover her nephew. It can be justly claimed that Chanel, although manifold in Nazi social circles and ambitions, was not a Nazi spy as she sought to bring peace and the safety of her nephew in her actions and proof of her missions were neer recovered. Essay -- Section A Plan of InvestigationBetween 1940 and 1944, France was occupied by the German Army during World War II. The war saw the emergence of Coco Chanel as a Nazi spy, due to her openly anti-Semitic feelings, independence in business and influence as a couture designer (Vaughan 230). For these qualities she wa s recruited in to the Abwehr, the German military intelligence organization (134). To determine the extent of Coco Chanels involvement in Nazi missions the investigation will examine the following factors personal relationships with high level officials allowing her elite conduct, her collaborations with Nazis in Paris, the nature of her work for the German military intelligence service and Himmlers S.S. and did all of these factors designate her as a Nazi spy?Section B Summary of Evidence Personal Relationships with High Level OfficialsCoco Chanel had an intimate relationship with Hans Gunther van Dincklage, a high ranking German official (Vaughan 141).Dincklage arranged for Chanel to stay at German occupied hotel, The Ritz. Giving her unrestricted access to German Headquarters in France (141).Romantic ties with the Duke of Westminster (Coco Chanel).Next door neighbor and friend of Fern Bedaux, Nazi collaborator ( Vaughan 151).Close relationship with British Ambassador to Spain, S ir Samuel Hoare (Samuel).Chanel was pardoned for her crimes by Winston Churchill (237).Never formally charged as a collaborator due to Churchills intervention (Coco Chanel).Churchill intervened in both her arrest and trial (Samuel).Spared from a public trial by British Royal family (Walker).Collaborations with Nazis in ParisOne of few civilians living in German Headquarters (Vaughan 141).Visas for Ch... ...e political and social conflict of Chanels involvement has dissolved as new information has been declassified and readers are exposed to the intelligence once only known to government officials. Chanel agreed to work with the Nazi party in pursuit of her nephews return to her, not for her own personal beliefs and experience.Section E ConclusionAfter Chanels two failed missions in sending letters of treaty negotiations she is not accredited with the label as a spy (Vaughan 199). However she is linked to the Nazi party, for her involvement with the Abwehr (134). Chanel is considere d proactive in her strategy to recover her nephew. It can be justly claimed that Chanel, although involved in Nazi social circles and ambitions, was not a Nazi spy as she sought to bring peace and the safety of her nephew in her actions and proof of her missions were never recovered.

Crash Course :: Essays Papers

Crash CourseEver since I was young, I have had a fascination with bikes and motorcycles. I enjoyed reading and learning about them. As an adolescent riding my bike was a sort of nirvana for me. Interestingly enough, I was never very skilled at the art of bicycle riding. True, I did find it interesting and exciting, among other things, but I just wasnt any good at it. I would be willing to venture that the number of accidents I had on my bike would rival the totals of some race riders, although I was never that daring. Consequently, I walked away (most of the time) from those accidents with quite a few scars and just as some stories.My first accident happened not long after my maiden voyage. In fact it happened on my maiden voyage. I lived in a small, Leave it to high-hat cymbal type town (with more dirt and more hoodlums), all the kids on the street were skilled bike riders, and riding bikes was the most frequent use of playtime. At nine or ten socio-economic classs old, I was suf fering from distinct feelings of inferiority because there were kindergartners on my block who could ride their bikes when I hadnt yet learned. To this twenty-four hour period I havent been able to decide what kept me from learning for so long. Being the only kid on the block who has to ride with training wheels is not a distinction most ten-year-olds would want to call their own. And I was no different. I hated feeling like a baby.In the summer of my tenth year I decided that I would put an end to this feeling of inferiority once and for all. I had it all planned out. While I was spending a week at my grandparents house, I would teach myself to ride a two-wheeler. I would go away a chump and come back a sensation the ultimate Rags to Riches story, at least that is what it would be to my ten-year-old mind.I got to work on my mission as soon as I arrived. I went to my grandparents discombobulate behind their house and opened it, stepping into the sun-baked shed and smelling the fa miliar warm musty odor that I had expected. Then I saw it the old grunter finish sparkling where some rays of sunshine snuck in the door to help me find it. It was old, most likely older than I was.

Technology Improves Education :: Educating Technological Papers

Technology Improves Education Many believe a revolution is taking place in education in the modality lot learn and they way instruction is given. The education community has been hearing of reforms and revolutions for the past few decades, but most of them have been nonexistent or without any long merit or real value. Some believe the method of an instructor lecturing while students listen and absorb is really the only viable way to teach or learn. About two decades ago, when personal computers started to become affordable, many thought that computers would revolutionize education, that computer-based teaching and learning would become the savior of education and the resultant to falling test scores. This has never really happened. Over the past two decades, many teachers have successfully prepared students, just about with computers in the classroom and whatsoever without. Teachers could avoid computers, either because they chose not to learn how to use them or because they ha d none in their classroom or school to use. Teachers entering the profession have not been required to understand computational engine room in order to graduate from college. The net has been in existence for almost two decades and began to extend into schools about 15 years ago, first into universities and then into K-12. Did the internet revolutionize education? Not exactly, it did provide an opportunity to expand learning options for teachers and students who were fortunate enough to have internet access, a few computers, and appropriate guidance on usage. Often this took place in only one classroom and only one school in spite of appearance a system and did not become systemic throughout the school. There are many factors affecting this slow implementation of computing and communications technology in schools, including administrations with no knowledge of its value or no willingness to realign school budgets to include computational technology insufficient in service profess ions increase programs for teachers a lack of specific curriculum benefits or of resources for teachers to use in their courses deficient preservice preparation of teachers in technology or computation. Why do some of us believe there is now a revolution taking place that cannot be ignored by educators or administrators? In November 1993, the National nub for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) released Mosaic, the first World Wide Web browser for all three computing platforms (UNIX, PC, and Macintosh). The internet had become the World Wide Web, and now Mosaic allowed anyone who knew the basics about using a computer and a mouse to go out onto the Web and easily and quickly locate multimedia information.

Signifigance Of Disease And Plauge In Hamlet :: essays research papers

In Hamlet by William Shakespe are, poison and disease both plague the state of Denmark. Relations amongst characters are corrupt, the mint are disturbed and people are killed constantly. What the characters do not know is that this corrupt reign of power will end in tragedy.     Corrupt minds in Hamlet are provided by Prince Hamlet himself. He portrays an antic disposition in order to gain the advantage inside the castle. straightway people in the castle believe that Hamlet is crazy or mad and thinks nothing more of it. Really, Hamlet is just acting this way so that he can spy on other people in the castle. By doing this he finds out who is after him and the identity of the murderer of his father. Polonious is one of the people spying on Hamlet to find the source of his madness and says "That hes mad, tis true tis pity, And pity tis tis true" 2.2.97-98. Hamlet never stops his act and gets his job done.     During Hamlets appear for r regularge, he also sparks the beginning of Ophelias demise. This happens because to insure no one knows that Hamlet is acting as if he is crazy, he only tells his most rely friend Horaito. Ophelia does not know he is only acting for the possible spies, and takes everything Hamlet says seriously. Ophelia says I was the more deceivedIII.i.118. After a while of this, including Hamlet yell at her, the death of her father Polonious by the hands of Hamlet, Ophelia goes insane. This is very noticeable because she is constantly singing and her appearance is also more ragged and dirty. She does not even notice her own brother, Laertes, when he returns from school. Shortly after this, Ophelia is found, drown in the brook. Hamlet triggers Ophelias insanity that then leads to her death.     While all of these tragic happenings are occurring relationships are also being torn apart. Hamlets relations with his mother Gertrude are severed. Hamlet believes his mother is disg usting for marrying his fathers brother, two months after his fathers death. Rightfully so because traditionally then when people were married their families became considered blood related. So this action by his mother was thought to be incestuous and Hamlet did not agree with it at all. Hamlets relationship with Laertes was also destroyed. During an altercation with his mother Hamlet heard a noise behind a tapestry hanging on the wall.

The current problems with the accounting methods of Rodney Street Essay

The current problems with the accounting methods of Rodney Street Private ClinicAnalysis- ScenariosPrivate ClinicRodney Street Clinic is a private clinic in which doctors seepatients privately and for medical reports following injuries.Currently all fee notes for patients and solicitors be sent manuallyand are not registered on a computer system.Problems with the accounting methods are that the accounts arehand-written, so not everybody may be competent to read and understandwriting, oddly during holidays and periods of sickness of theusual staff as the hand writing is not their own. Another problem isthat all fee notes are computer memoryd in a file cabinet. Due to this, feenotes are occasionally misfiled so it is time consuming for the staffto find them, and if a further copy is required, it has to be written expose by hand again, rather than simply being photocopied. The finalproblem is that the system is not efficient, as documents have to becontinually written up which is time consuming. What is required is a computerised database, which is unproblematic andefficient to use in order to control the accounts of the practice. Ideally it should also be able to flag up accounts, which are overdue,instead of the current system of having to do it by hand, which istime consuming and can be inefficient. The system should also be ableto keep the details of fee notes sent on the database, so that if arepeat bill needs to be sent, it does not have to be typed disclose oncemore.Video TapesMega Movie Video Store is a video store, which both rents push through videosand also now sells them too. Presently workers at the video store havefound it difficult to remember which videos are in stock and whereabout they are located in the shop.Problems with their organization is that they forget which videos arein stock and also they have no data to refer to in order to tell themthis. A further problem is that they also forget where videos arelocated in the shop and they again have no data to refer to in orderto tell them this and they rely purely on memory.What they would homogeneous is a computerized database, which gives printoutsthat help them. This database would sort the files into alphabeticorder and would give them the total number of videos in stock. Thisdatabase would also tell them what format the item... ...notes sent on the database, so that if a repeat bill needs to be sent, it does not have to be typed out once more.System requirements for chosen scenarioIn order to cover the problems I am going to design a computerizedsystem using such software programmes as Microsoft Access, MicrosoftExcel and Microsoft Word. This is rather than using a manual systemwhich uses filing cabinets. I will insert all data off writtendocuments into computer database and then(prenominal) store them so that they are in stock(predicate) to view at any time and as many copies as necessary may beprinted.I will use a subject in my computerized database th at is sufficiently bigenough and clear enough for the user to read. This is better thanhaving a manual system where handwriting is involved because there isthen little to no chance that somebody may not be able to read thetext properly. This system should be both efficient and simple to use and it shouldbe able to note on the database and let the user know if accounts areoverdue and if fee notes need to be sent. Finally I will create a mailmerge so that letters do not have to be continuously written or typedout time and time again.

The current problems with the accounting methods of Rodney Street Essay

The current problems with the accounting methods of Rodney Street Private ClinicAnalysis- ScenariosPrivate ClinicRodney Street Clinic is a private clinic in which doctors seepatients in private and for medical reports following injuries.Currently wholly fee nones for patients and solicitors ar sent manuallyand are non registered on a computer administration.Problems with the accounting methods are that the accounts arehand-written, so not everybody may be able to read and understandtheme, particularly during holidays and periods of sickness of theusual staff as the hand writing is not their own. Another problem isthat all fee notes are stored in a filing cabinet. Due to this, feenotes are occasionally misfiled so it is succession consuming for the staffto find them, and if a further copy is required, it has to be writtenout by hand again, rather than simply being photocopied. The utmostproblem is that the system is not efficient, as documents have to becontinually written up w hich is time consuming. What is required is a computerised database, which is simple andefficient to recitation in order to control the accounts of the practice. Ideally it should also be able to flag up accounts, which are overdue,instead of the current system of having to do it by hand, which istime consuming and can be inefficient. The system should also be ableto keep the details of fee notes sent on the database, so that if arepeat bill needs to be sent, it does not have to be typed out oncemore.Video TapesMega Movie Video Store is a video store, which both rents out videosand also now sells them too. Presently workers at the video store havefound it difficult to remember which videos are in stock and whereabout they are located in the shop.Problems with their organization is that they forget which videos arein stock and also they have no data to bushel to in order to tell themthis. A further problem is that they also forget where videos arelocated in the shop and they again have no data to refer to in orderto tell them this and they rely purely on memory.What they would like is a computerized database, which bowl overs printoutsthat help them. This database would sort the files into alphabeticorder and would give them the total number of videos in stock. Thisdatabase would also tell them what format the item... ...notes sent on the database, so that if a repeat bill needs to be sent, it does not have to be typed out once more.System requirements for chosen scenarioIn order to overcome the problems I am going to design a computerizedsystem using such software programmes as Microsoft Access, MicrosoftExcel and Microsoft Word. This is rather than using a manual systemwhich uses filing cabinets. I will insert all data off writtendocuments into computer database and then store them so that they areavailable to view at any time and as many another(prenominal) copies as necessary may beprinted.I will use a font in my computerized database that is suffici ently big teeming and clear enough for the user to read. This is better thanhaving a manual system where handwriting is involved because there isthen little to no chance that somebody may not be able to read thetext properly. This system should be both efficient and simple to use and it shouldbe able to note on the database and allow the user know if accounts areoverdue and if fee notes need to be sent. Finally I will create a mailmerge so that letters do not have to be continuously written or typedout time and time again.

Comparing and contrasting Silver Blaze and Finger Man Essay

When one thinks of scout fiction stories images of crime, murder, hero detective and villains enter a persons mind. These images have been constantly changing over years, merely they are not very unlike from when detective stories first began in 1828. The birth of detective stories came about in 1828 with a bracing called Memoires supposedly written by Vidocq a chief of Frances detective force known as Surete.In 1841 a number of short stories were composed and collected to form The Murders in the Rue Morgue by Edgar Allen Poe but it was in 1892 when detective stories finally emerged and run low known by the people. It was in 1892 when The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was published in the Strand magazine that detective fiction had become a great success. The years of Sherlock Holmes stories are considered as the well-fixed Age of detective fiction, after this causes began to take different approaches towards detective fiction writing, the writing wa s most notoriously named badly Boiled detective fiction.Both types of approaches varied in different ways with each other, the Golden Age era consisted of stories with closed settings and foc utilize its divisions in the in-between and upper classes. In the Hard Boiled era the bandage would be mentally just as challenging as a story from the Golden Age era, but would unfold and lead to violent twists and turns. In Hard-boiled stories the detective solves the mystery by creating more trouble and being tough but does not return society to order or vindicate the power of reason.It was this new Hard Boiled setting that Raymond Chandler set his stories, and created his hard boiled detective Philip Marlow. Philip Marlow was first introduced in 1921 through a magazine called The Black Mask, which contained his short stories.Both Silver brand and Finger Man are fictional scout stories, but differ in many different ways from language and dialogue to cultural changes shown between both stories.This is because the stories were written at two different times, Silver Blaze is a pre 20th century piece of text where as Finger Man was created within the 20th century. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle a British author created Silver Blaze which featured one of the most renowned detective characters, Sherlock Holmes. His fictional character became so famous and loved by the general they actually embraced his identity and grew to believe that Sherlock Holmes was a real person and lived at 221b Baker Street.Finger Man was created by an American author called Raymond Chandler and asterisked a private detective by the name of Philip Marlowe. This fictional character appealed to a wide audience and was in most of Raymond Chandlers stories, eventually Hollywood utilize these stories and the character Philip Marlowe to create motion pictures.In Silver Blaze Sherlock Holmes and his partner Dr Watson travel to Devon to uncover the kidnapping of a prize-winning horse.In this detective novel any clue will help towards the case and anybody having some relevance with the horse will be a suspect. In Silver Blaze the plot mainly revolves around a few individuals such as. Whereas in finger man the story includes many characters who each play some elegant yet important part within the story. In Finger Man we see a tale of false framing on the main character Philip Marlowe who is set up by gangsters. It starts happening when he takes a job for a friend, but his friend dies and Marlowe becomes the prime suspect.When I read both stories in that location were many differences in character between Sherlock Holmes and Philip Marlowe. Sherlock Holmes is a more thoughtful and clue based detective where as Philip Marlowe relies on tip-offs and effect to resolve a situation. Sherlock Holmes is a methodical detective and relies in his wits to solve a case whereas PM uses his instincts. Within Silver Blaze Sherlock Holmes has a partner called Watson, the story itself is narrated by W atson and told through his view. PM is a one-man army and doesnt depend on anybody for assistance unless in dire circumstances.The change in text and dialogue is clearly shown once reading both stories. Pre 20th century text is very descriptive which is used as a feature of Holmes personality. In Finger Man the dialogue is very abrupt and direct, which also constructs an image of the stories setting and the characters persona.

The Kentucky Fried Chicken Original Writing

There I was, stumbling through the lashing wet, windy weather on my way back from the Kentucky Fried sniveller after purchasing a large bucket of squawker at a great expense. As I passed the local bakery, the delicious smell of impertinently baked bread filled my nostrils, which was soon to be replaced by cooking oil from the fish and chips shop next door. My stomach felt sickly with the confound aromas, but lengthy queues in both stores indicated that not everyone had the same opinion as I did about the smell.I noticed a black knockout in a spotlight of colourful neon lights on the side of the kerb shuffling around in the breeze like a immature baby. Unsure of the contents, I panicked. My eyes gazed at the streetlights that glistened like a Christmas tree. They were reflected in the shop windows that displayed mouth-watering cakes, bread, groceries, a variety of continental fruits and vegetables, as well as colourful fashionable clothes.On the corner of the road, there was a brightly lit car showroom full of gleaming new Mercedes, which drew me to the window. As I gazed enviously through the window, I was startled by the deafening wail of a siren which had blue flashing lights rotating rapidly on teetotum of a huge red vehicle that raced past me.Car horns beeped, windscreen wipers swishing back and forth, as cars accelerated above the speed limit the drivers and their passengers all had the same thought in mind getting home from this dreadful weather. Traffic built up and ground to a stand silence as the traffic lights appeared to have a malfunction, causing major delays. Engines revved with impatience. I witnessed two drivers exchanging furious words over a parking space, while passengers waited patiently for their local bus to land them home. whatsoever pedestrians got splashed with dirty water as thoughtless drivers sped through puddles.Commuters appeared from nowhere as if there had been a riot in the area. I agnize as I heard the mournful soun d of the train horn coming from the station close to home that this was the reason for this strange mass of people. Some people were running desperately for shelter, as they were inadequately dressed for the inclement weather.An old drunken man, dressed in rough, ragged clothes, staggered along the street. He approached an upset passer-by I had seen earlier on in the vicinity requesting spare change. I did not wait to hear the passer-bys response as my clothes were alone drenched from the rain. The relentless rain pelted down heavily, so I decided to pick up the pace because I could smell the sweet spices of fearful wafting from the chicken bucket I carried, which probably began to get cold. I remembered that my mother was waiting for her meal and I was feeling quite peckish myself.As I approached a narrow, dark alleyway, I was striving through the sharp, cold, icy, wind beating against my face. An enormous clap of thunder quickly followed with a strike of lightning from the heav ens. I dropped the bucket of chicken in fear into a pool of mud. A sensation of fear and panic tingled through my body and my heart skipped a beat. I heard a dog barking continuously from a neighbouring garden over a red brick wall. I picked up my bucket, checked to see what state it was in, in discovering that the contents were still in good condition, I continued on my journey.The anxiety and fear I had experienced earlier had disappeared within me and transformed to happiness and warmth, as I drew nearer to my home. I sighed with relief and jingled my keys with delight at the front door to my house. I turned my key in the lock, and the door swung open, revealing my Mothers fierce face. I had delayed her dinner

Advantages and Disadvantages in Sport Technology Essay

Technology in sports is constantly changing in todays era. This neuter is making a big impact, whether the technology is a disadvantage to the sport and slows down the speed of the patch or procedures the technology to an advantage and speeds the biz up to help make accurate calls. People atomic number 18 always looking for the technology to be able to get ahead of other opponents. The use of technology has crept into the athletes games. Technology may not be a drug but a large amount of people use it. It is hard to say whether the use of technology is more of an advantage or disadvantage.One of the main reasons technology compromise a sport experience is that people atomic number 18 watching the games at home instead of watching the games that are played live. Some people would rather stay at home than spend the money to go to the game. With the games macrocosm specifyn on television that means fewer supporters in attendance. Fewer supporters mean less money for the teams i n terms of income and profits. The enhance experience of technology has do it easy for teams to know and learn about the opposite teams. Some people believe that it was necessary for technology.The technology used in the National Football compact has come a long way. For example, the 1st and Ten graphics musical arrangement has enhanced the football game to another level. The purpose of the 1st and Ten business is displayed in a yellow color that shows the yards needed to make a get-go down. This system displays live to the television viewers only, it does not physically show on the field of play. The example I chose that enhances or compromises the sport with technology is in football with the use of mo replay, during a National Football compact game.Everyone knows that the umpire or the referee is not always right. With football, the coaches are allowed to throw out a flag of their own and challenge the call on the field. The challenges are made toward the disputed call mad e by the on-field referee and they pass it on to the television ordained. If the official did not get the call right and the instant replay shows it as such, the team retains the time out and wins the call. If the instant replay shows what the official called, the team loses the call and a time out.The monitors are positioned in several(prenominal) spots on the field so the camera can capture the play at different angles whether it is in slow motion or game speed. The technology of instant replay sounds good to the viewers at the game or at home, but there is a lot of pressure for the official to get the call right. The instant replay can distract the players from the game or make them lost momentum if the process takes too long. Some challenges are considered thoughtless or in vain as a distraction.There are problems with the instant replay system that needs to be leveled out, but the system allows the game to get a stage future in technology in sport. Possible guidelines for the use of technology in spot are first of all the instant replay. The officials in the booth should be able to make the decision about the disputed play to save time and keep the game going smoothly. As far as clothes goes, the Haptic Sports Garment is a clothing line that should not be used during game time. The cut back helps the athlete to uphold the most advantageous speed.In relevance to the Internet, the applications Venuing and Twackle are used by fans where they get involved with the players and teams to much. Next is the use of the DVD. The players highlights are being displayed to the scouts to use them to their advantage. A scout should not be allowed to get a highlighted DVD of a player unless they have the players permission. Finally, the swimming designer Speedos that bonds seams ultrasonically and reduce drags with the fabric made of water-repellent should not be used if all the swimmers are not utilise them during the race.

Dream Company Essay

Technology has taken an uprising since the late 20th century to our world today. Every star essenti on the wholey owns some sort of technical device from cellph onenesss to computers. Companies like Microsoft, Xerox and Canon ask made our lives simpler and possibly much easier, but there was another order waiting to everywhereride the average and push an manufacture giant to its limits. apple Incorporated followed an unconventional path to its recent success in the computer industry, despite being consistently henpecked by Microsoft. apple Inc. s a multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer softw be, personal computers and portable digital music histrions, and fluid communications devices and sell a variety of related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. Its best-known hardware harvest-festivals are the Mac line of computers, the iPod, the iPhone, and the iPad. Its sof tware includes the OS X and iOS run systems, the iTunes, the Safari meshing browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and exertion suites.The company was founded on April 1, 1976, and incorporated as apple Computer, Inc. on January 3, 1977. The word Computer was removed from its name on January 9, 2007, reflecting its shifted focus towards consumer electronics after the introduction of the iPhone. apple is the worlds second-largest information technology company by tax after Samsung Electronics and the worlds third-largest mobile phone ecclesiastic after Samsung and Nokia. risk magazine named orchard apple tree the most admired company in the joined States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012.However, the company has received criticism for its contractors labor practices, and for Apples own environmental and business practices. As of November 2012, Apple maintains 394 retail stores in fourteen countries as well as the online Apple Store and iTunes Store. It is the second-largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization, with an estimated value of US$ 414 billion as of January 2013. As of September 29, 2012 the company had 72,800 perpetual full-time employees and 3,300 temporary full-time employees worldwide.Its worldwide annual revenue in 2012 totaled $156 billion. In May 2013, Apple had made it to the top ten of the Fortune 500 list of companies for the first time, taking the 6 position, 11 places up from the previous year Innovative Products Currently, Apples iPhone is the yearning of the modern man. Top-notch product design, an intuitive uptaker-interface as well as fancy multimedia internet based services may contribute to its unique market position. Therefore, if not until now accomplished, many software developers are considering getting into the iPhone platform ASAP, serving the market Industry LeadersFor the past three years Apple has been known by fortune as the worlds most admired company. They are known for elegant product design, innovation, customer loyalty, brand-building marketing, and secrecy. Apple Inc. is considered to be as the industry leaders in innovation, design, versatility and customer satisfaction. The products that they introduce every single year are the best in the challenge. The contenders may have products that are highly imagine on by them but at a days end more people tend to shine into Apples products.The vision that Apple has to make their wonderful products is carried by none. Their products like the iPhone changed the entire mobile industry. iPhone was innovative that many people as well as the rival companies such as Nokia, Samsung and many other companies were mesmerized by the innovation and technological leap the Apple had achieved by introducing this product. Perks For the past three years Apple has been known by fortune as the worlds most admired company. They are known for elegant product design, innovation, customer loyalty, brand-building marketi ng, and secrecy.The financial statement communicate that the company will continue to grow because of their product design to meet the consumer needs. The company has seen an increase in demand of products and service. Based on the company historical and projected future earnings and cash ply growth rank, any person who is looking for a smart short to medium term investment, Apple storehouse would be the right decision. Its steady growth in earnings and dividends can be viewed as acquiring moderate to risky equity. On December 29, 1994, Apple inventory increased to $1 billion.That was the inventory turnover for Apple. Their total revenue rose from $9. 8 billion in 1996 to above 19. 3 billion in 2006, which is a substantial increase of 96. 43% (Shlinds, 2007. ) On July 19, 2011 Apple, announced financial results for its fiscal 2011 third quarter ended June 25, 2011. The company earned quarterly revenue of $28. 57 billion and earned a quarterly net profit of $7. 31 billion. Those billions of dollars in sales had much to do with the sales of the Macs, iPhone, and iPad. The company sell 3. 95 million Macs during the quarter, a 14% unit increase over the year-ago quarter.Apple sold 20. 34 million iPhones in the quarter, representing 142% unit growth over the year-ago quarter. They sold 9. 25 million iPads during the quarter, a 183% unit increase over the year-ago quarter. Apple sold 7. 54 million iPod, a 20% unit gloaming for the year-ago quarter (www. apple. com. ) Macs, iPhone, and iPad sold in numbers greater than the company expect, but the sales from the iPod decreased. Even though the iPod sales dropped, it has dominated the market digital media player and managed to maintain in the United States.This is Apple best quarter ever with revenue up 82% and profits up 125%. Their cash flow has increased 131% year-over-year, with operations of $11. 1 billion. In December 2010, the cost of goods sold of $16. 4 billion was 61. 5% of revenue. The income statement continued to grow at rates rarely seen at a large company. The company continues to deliver to the marketplace and stimulate customer demand for new programs, products, and technological innovations. The company dominant lead in virtually every product category it competes is an obvious proof of innovation and well-executed market.However, despite its market leadership, Apple management has traditionally under-promised, yet over-delivered on earnings quarter after quarter. This has been the primary means for the stocks sudden ascent in recent years. Companies that grow faster than the operating cash-flow it generates are usual suspects when it comes to balance sheet maneuvering. Liquidity obviously is not a problem for Apple, but this forces the analysts following the company to scramble and keep raising their targets distributively time Apple consensus.Cash flow quality and earnings structure better reflect the correlation between stock price and the financial statement. Apple sa les growth has been inclining, while Resource and Development spending (excluding previously capitalized software and technology acquired in acquisitions) as a percentage of sales has been declining. any(prenominal) stock has the potential to be successful, but under-utilized assets or small allocations to develop innovative products which drive future profits would not be helpful on returns on assets/investments. Apple has no competition.Apple creates computers, phones, tablets, music players, operating systems, television set-top boxes, lifestyle and productivity software, professional media software, and wireless routers. They also sell movies and music, and they have an screening store that so far has not been challenged. Nokia, Samsung, Sony might compete with Apple hardware, but they depend on Microsoft operating system. Microsoft makes operating system for computers and phones, and they produce posture and other software similar to Apples, but they lack in hardware. Google with the Android, is not even a single operating system.It is a multitude of operating system versions on multiple devices. If Apple wants to change something on a device, either hardware or operating system, it can just do so. If Nokia, Samsung, or Sony wants to change their operating system, they would have to recieve confirmation from Microsoft. If Microsoft wants to advance their technology, they need buy-in from hardware makers. They make their profits from business-to-business, which mainly consists of selling licenses to its operating system to computer manufacturers and force suites for enterprises.That is not to say that they do not sell to consumers. They have consumer only product lines as the Xbox gaming console, and of course, home drug user also buy Windows and Office. On the other hand, Apple is primarily a consumer company, and makes most of its profit selling hardware products. This makes the target of Apples site much clearer for marketing, selling, and providin g support for its products to consumers. The difference of the technology can only play catch up. A quote from Wayne Gretzky who said, Good hockey players play where the puck is. Great hockey players skate to where the puck is going to be. Most of the tech industry is struggling to get where the puck was, (Raymond Meyers, 2011. ) In the previous paragraph I mention Apple did not have any competition, but if I had to choose two it would be Microsoft and Google. Apple leads Microsoft and Google in the S&P 500 in this illustration Apple $401. 82 -$10. 32 (-2. 50%) Google $520. 66 -$18. 54(-3. 44%) Microsoft $25. 06 -$0. 93(-3. 50%) Microsoft is steady declining. Microsoft launched windows Vista Windows users vigorously had rejected that upgrade. Fewer than 10% of windows users had switched and nearly 5% of windows PCs in use were running windows versions older than XP.Mobile device are steady increasing, which Apple has complete control over. Mobile operating systems account for near ly 3% of all Internet. The percentage of Internet usage on mobile devices has been doubling every eight months. The many tasks that PC handled are taking over by mobile devices. Microsoft was ahead almost as long as people were using PC, but technology has advanced into mobile devices. May 26, 2010 illustrated from mobile devices, Microsoft and Apple were nearly even at a Market cap of $223 billion, but Apple had increased rapidly to $306 billion, while Microsoft decreases to $212 billion.Apple site is generally more user friendly than Microsoft, and offers a much better experience to consumers who use it to check out the latest Apple products. Apple website is much smaller in eggshell than Microsofts site. Apple uses many of white space and subheadings to make everything more readable, yet they keep their website simple by not overusing too many contrastive text. Microsoft hosts many different sites under the Microsoft. com brand, creating a whole ecosystem of sub-sites. Microso ft biggest problem is consistency. There is no global navigation, and there are not many visual clues that ensure the user that this is a Microsoft site.Unlike Apple, where the whole site shares one unique visual that mirrors that of their hardware and software, thus creating a powerful brand. Google Android has become the at hand(predicate) smartphone that can stand up to the iPhone dominance. In this graph is shows the sale between smartphones Apple has more than three hundred retail stores in ten countries, in addition to an online store that offers its products to the customers across the globe (Apple Inc, 2011). This global network allows the company to develop and launch the products in it markets of America, Asia, and Europe.The company is officially listed as number one company that provides wide range of technology related products in the world after surpassing Microsoft. The company has more than 45,000 employees working on full-time can and around 3,000 employees worl dwide. It was noted that the company had earned the annual sales of around $67 billion US dollars from its worldwide operations (Apple Inc, 2010). The company is listed as one of the most admired companies in the United States and in the World for four consecutive years (Fisher, 2008 Colvin, 2009 Fortune, 2010).Apple products like Mac, iPhone, iPad, and iPod are manufactured in the United States, but the company is outsourcing the production of some of its product parts to the various international and national supply chain partners. For example, iPod are outsourced to its subcontractor in Hong Kong from where it is sent to the outsourced production plant of the company (Linden et al, 2007). The company saves money by outsourcing, but on the other hand, it increases the downsizing and unemployment rate in the United States.Price, place, promotion strategies, product performance, the quality, and dependability of the product, innovative designs as well as the availability of up-to-d ate software services are factors that can impact the business and profitability of Apple. The focus on manager at this point is the expansion of its smartphones and other media and communication devices. The competitors of Apple have numerous of resources that they can offer the business and consumer products and services similar to Apples products at a low price range. Decrease the price on Apple products by creating resources from other companies will attract more customers.

Footballers, Are They Getting Paid Too Much Essay

Dear readers, with your current income, how many years does it take to earn 114,000? Does it take 10 or 25 or 50 years? If you answer 1 day, you must(prenominal) be Cristiano Ronaldo because it is the amount of m iodiny he gets DAILY. I bet e actuallyone already knows ab come out of the closet how great(p) is the footballer income and moans how it below the belt is the life. You maintain the order, defense the m otherland, save people by risking yours, developing technology for better future etc., exclusively your income is nowhere near the person whose job is cartroad and kicking the ball. At graduation exercise thought, you condemn and complain how the system of life sucks so much. precisely, lets give it a second thought by assessing if they really worth the cash.Lets take a vote, does the footballers really be it? See, the majority says non so I will begin cogitate why they really should get pay cut.Importance in LifeImagine the world without football and football itse lf never existed flush from the very first place. Well no problem, there ar let off a lot of fun in the world. But how if there are no polices, firefighters, researchers, engineer, or vivify? Misery, misery, and misery. We can extend if there is no football game for a day, a year, or even forever. But, some will not last even an hour if all the doctors in the world commence a strike simultaneously. That explains how insignificant the profession of footballer relative to other jobs.Yes, money is not everything. in that location are a lot of people with noble light upont who works not for money. But come on, you would question about justice when a spend ,who protect your country with his life, cant afford his 10,000 childs cure while in same time Rooney earns 100,000 for the goals he score -which does not affect human life at all-. The common sense is, the more important you are, and the more appreciation you should realise. The appreciation is not all about money, but you wo nder how many times we say thank you to close and small unnoticed service standardized the janitor. In contrary, we hail Mara hold outa as if he is a God although we dont know him and vice versa. We hail Pele for his 1,000 goals although without them the worldis ease the same. Where is the logic, world?UnsportmanshipSport teaches us about sportsmanship and fair play, that is what we used to hear back consequently. Today, the line is completely irrelevant because there is no single match without cheating. Diving, violent tackle, racist insult, indiscipline, those were some viruses which plague football today and woefully they are only a tip of icebergs. The worse is, they still get paid for all the nasty conduct they did and shows the terrible example for all the kids who revere them. And the worst of all, they are paid using your money. So indirectly, all the money you spent for slating, merchandise, and television will be the present for all nasty whole works they have done.O rBad AttitudeThe terrible conduct on the pitch is bad, but terrible conduct off the pitch is worse. A populace figure should be the good example for people around him, let alone their fans. Just count how many cheating and sexual scandal which involves footballer. We dont want our kids to follow John Terrys lead in cheating, do we? And should we see the lads goint involves in night life party like Adriano and Ronaldinho just because they are the idol? There are still many unexemplary deeds such as shoplifting, street brawl, or even drug abuse. at once again I must stress how great the influence of the idol could affect their admirer. The admirer could follow the footstep to destruction without even knowing it. such(prenominal) bad-manner players really do not deserve such grown sum of money.Thats all about why the footballers are not deserved for their big money. Now we are ledger entry the grey area where the opinion is still vague and arguable.Poor BackgroundAs long as I remem ber, I only can re recollect 4 footballers names whose familyisnt poor. They are Kaka, Pirlo, Del Piero and Vialli. Most of the light come from poor family especially those who come from South the States and Africa. For them, sport is their only way to escape from poverty lasso which binds their countries tightly. Frequently, such background makes an easy excuse to grant them the big payment and freedom to have the life they have never experienced without knowing it is the most enjoyable path to destruction. Lets take Ronaldinho as example.Just when he reached his distributor point in career, he began to be disoriented. The bright spotlight, money, admiration, luxury, and elite life were beyond his childhood imagination. Then the downfall began. He was tempted to attend flickering night life, expenditure money without worry of starving at next day, and other luxuries he couldnt afford back then in Brazil. And why was he tempted to do so? Because he had money. The money pours into his account like torrential rain, an amount which he has never seen before. Well it tells us, however bad is the background, however pitiful is the ult experience overpaid salary is not an excuse to allow footballer earns such big money.Short CareerIf we talk about the invidual with big revenue, the field which pops out of our mind is athlete and entertainment. Movie star and singer earn more money than any athlete in the world but that is where the logic is deformed once again. The celebrity could still earn money through advanced years while the case isnt the same for athlete. Al Pacino is currently one of the senior actor and he still could live himself from film industry for 40 years since his debut in tender age. Paul McCartney can still sing and compose the song although he is 70 years old now.How about athlete, in this case footballer? The option is very limited. After entering 30 years old phase, they must already think about the job in next 3 years because it is most lik ely the parliamentary procedure wont use his service anymore. But the choices are very limited. Usually, after their retirement, they deal the career as football analysis, commentator, or any football staff role. There are a lot of topics that could be drawn from here, but I will focus on financial aspect for now. The entertainer could still get the same payment like they did 20 years ago, but the salary for coach, commentator etc. is smaller by great distance analyze to active player.So, if the entertainers get such big money then footballers also deserve it too even they deserve it more because of career time limitation. No, it is the big no. Admitted, we live in unfair world but it doesnt mean everything must be unjust. Remember the first point I mentioned in this article. Even the footballer getting such big money is very unfair so they must accept the short career cruelty. Honestly, all the money they get during their career is enough for their rest of lifes if they spend it wisely.And, they already know their playing time is very short from the very first time they take away footballer as occupation. The question is, have they anticipated the retirement day ? corroborate they invest their money for future instead of buying newest Lamborghini annually ? Have they think the job they would take 10 years ahead instead of thinking which pary they would attend ?. I would say the short career that footballer has is not an excuse to earn such big revenue because they have already seen it coming and they should prepare for it from the very start of career.It seems footballers really do not deserve those chunk of money. But, how if they really do ? How if they really worth those big salary ? There are the reason for it and here are they.Bet of LifeWhen a kid chooses football as his career, he is betting his life on it and the gamble is extremely high risk. This is something any educated people would never experience. For those gold souls who have good educati on, he could work in any job regardless of their education background. If you are enginerring student and you realize you are not intellectual enough, you can still work at different field of job in any company, macrocosm a businessman or being an enterpriser etc and still achieve success, at least you can earn money to feed you and family. But that is the luxury which footballer never have. A lot of kids choose football in expense of their education. And just how many of them could make it to professional level ? For those footballers who can live themselves, congratulation.No matter how small is your teamand your league, you must consider yourselves lucky if you can still live from football because there are millions unfortunate footballers who barely live with football. The elite football player receives a very spotlight, but remember, brighter light means darker shadow. Behind the glamorous light of famous football star, there are many players at the bottom of benefit desper ately reach greater height, let alone the summit where the likes of Messi and Ronaldo belong.This is why the job is very extremely risky. Talent alone is not enough to check you could break through to be professional player. If somehow you are injured, your career is done. If you once do something stupid even if it is in unconsious manner, your career might be over. High talent but always have bad coaches throughout career, you wont advance any that. You have better talent then Messi Maradona but being overlooked by coach and scout ? Career is done again.Those are only a mere few examples and there are still a lot of stumbling block along the path as a professional player. Imagine the life of failed footballer. They already left school from very young age and they dont have any other skill except football. So, in order to live, they must do anything to continue their life, including being a criminal. Just imagine how miserable is life if you must live without skill and there is no future certainty. This is the main reason why footballer deserves such high pay.Community SupportThe logic is simple. If the community does willingly pay big amount of money for football, why does football refuse it ? The beat out example is Arsenal. Since moving to their new stadium, Arsenal has never won any single trophy. And since their move too, Arsenal has been selling the most expensive seasonal ticket in the world. Funny. The fans still insist buying seasonal ticket, merchandise, TV programme, only to watch their beloved team has no ambition whatsoever to satisty them.The same goes to the rest of fans and their clubs. The supply exists because of demand and vice versa. Footballers earn the money they get from their fans. If the community doesnt support football anymore, of course the footballers will have their salary cut. Butfor now, the community still willingly handing their money for football so, why should the footballers refuse the money ? They are at the most advent egeous side and if the condition goes unchange, they remain will. closedownNow, which side are you at? The big salary for footballer, deserve or not deserve? If I were asked and I must answer it, it is the close call and I would answer they deserve it. Partly, I dont agree the footballers get such high salary and I really support. Their revenue is growth annually yet their professionalism is dwindling. But, if somehow the footballers have their salary cut, imagine the effect on non-elite player. Even now, there are many player who barely survive with salary from football.My solution is, the player must have a good education since their young age. La Masia is one good example for it. They dont only train football. La Masia knows maybe there are only few men out of hundreds who could make it through professional level. So, they teach other skills beside football in case they fail at it. The method should be applied in every football institution. By giving the preparation for further life, at least they could still earn their life and stay away from world of crime. Hey, it could reduce the criminal number too. Cool. We hope for it too, dont we?Bibliographyen.wikipedia.org/

Body Image in Women Essay

Jerrica Quinton November 10, 2011 English 1010 Professor Eden The Impact of Media Images and their Effects on Body Image in Women Proposal In our society, media has a larger influence on how people act, live, and feel about them selves. The ideal symbol of what is considered beautiful is decided upon what the media provides us with. It is an ongoing struggle to follow our own beliefs and be our own person when there is so much influence in magazines, TV shows, and movies that be examples to teenagers and even adults. The unrealistic beauty that the media portrays today is blinding our generation.The media is persuade people to find a certain way and that non a single flaw is allowed. With the way the media and the entertainment world runs, societys assimilate of beauty is limited to perfectness. If society werent seen as so picture perfect and fake, then maybe there would be fewer problems with conceit wi make out women and there would be a more(prenominal) positive outcom e. Three specific areas in which media is the most influential are modeling, sports, and the celebrity scene In modeling, models are pressured to have a certain thinness that makes the viewer observe beauty in an un full-blooded way.Sports are very athletic, and seen as one healthy way to become skinny and fit, but in reality there are lots of problems with steroids, and ingest disorders. In the Celebrity world, most who are seen on the red carpet are never as much as they seem there is always some kind of unreal visual aspect to them. on with the image of fronting skinny, more and more stores are holding smaller sizes, limiting larger girls to what they bottom wear. Girls are also more caught up with what they look like and care less about things much(prenominal) as education and career.I knew someone who went into Hollister to buy a shirt, and they didnt carry an extra large. I remember when she finally fit into a large, she was finally so happy be typeface of how much she l oved that store. Steroids and drugs are unfair and unhealthy and are mostly seen in the professional sports area. The media has made professional athletes to been seen as gods, they crapper run fast, jump higher, swing harder, etc. then the average person. No matter what sport it is athletes are put up on a pedestal for cosmos extremely mind blowing and doing the unthinkable that nobody else jackpot, being a Legend.It makes them seem untouchable, so the media puts them in ads to pursue the consumers to want to be more like the pros. Also, within sports, working too much while trying to live up to their phone can ca employ serious physical problems. For example Olympic swimming legend Michael Phelps had been suspended from competitions for three months after he was picture apparently exploitation illegal drugs. The pressure of performing your best can be a lot to handle on athletes the fame can go to their heads, give-up the ghosting athletes to believe they can do whatever the y want without any consequences.Which leads consumers that look up to them, to think so as well. In the celebrity world, its considered normal to be a size zero and to have the body that would only be seen in magazines. Its wrong to want to distort your body to make it look perfect. To celebrities, however, it is their appearance that makes them famous to the public, looking like a celebrity could make them feel wanted and famous too, but in reality you should appreciate your body for what it is and not worry about what others may specifically look like.For example, Miley Cyrus is a big time American Disney Channel Star and her peers are teenagers and untested women who look up to her. Now that she is all grown up and into the whole celebrity scene, she is typeseting more scandalous and has even been caught drinking. The influence that society has on us, the viewers, is similar to that of parents to their children. Its like the saying, monkey see, monkey do. Children grow up and l earn from their parents. They see the way their parents act and so they think that its right and its the way they should act as well. I see this a lot today with racism.If a childs parents are discriminant towards a diametric race, then most likely that child provide be too. Whatever their parents do, they deem correct and right. You are never born to think a certain way. It has to be taught and to be engrained in your body. The topic of how media negatively affects the image of young person girls will provide a reason to why the media should stop limiting the idea of what counts as being beautiful. Most women and young teenagers are stressed about their skin, weight, and overall appearance, which can lead to take disorders and other dangerous disorders that can cause serious problems.This is being caused by the typical commercials and billboard adds we see everyday. The make-up ads and the weight loss commercials, such as Maybelline, and Weight Watchers, are the create factors to young women desperately wanting plastic surgery or being diagnosed with anorexia. My thesis on this issue is that the media and advertisements negatively influences young women to cause harm to their bodies by stringently defining Body Perfect ideals that are both artificial and biologically inappropriate and unrealistic.To prove this thesis, I will use evidence from articles called The Medias puzzle out on Body Image Disturbance and Eating Disorders, a article called, The Effects of Beautiful Models in Ads on Female Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents, a article called Images in Magazines and On Television Increase Body Dissatisfactions, and other advertisements on societys idea of beauty. With statistics and persuasive articles from online sources, I will prove how the media influences women and young girls to eat, dress and talk a certain way.The effectiveness of media continues to increase as more and more commercials are created with the idea of the ultimate perfect beauty. I feel this will be a successful topic to address because media images and their affect on body image is a serious influential issue in our society, and it has such a strong effect on every one of all ages, and even all genders. It has the power to either harm or help everyone, depending on which way the topic is being broadcast. In my paper, I plan to address the following How body image has changed overtime how body image was perceived 10-20 long time ago compared to what it is now. * How different products in society use body image as a way to address. * How strong of an effect body image and the media has on people. Is the effect stronger on the younger generation or older? How is each age group/gender affected in similar or different ways? * Is body image the most influential factor in low self-esteem in women and young teenagers? Can it be changed? * How other cultures and countries perceive what is beauty and perfect body image? What are different peoples perspectives on th e topic? How have they been personally affected by it? * Is using body image the ideal way for companies to sell their products? Advertising is a destructive force in our society, and the most destructive effect of advertizement is its promotion of negative stereotypes, specifically in women. Advertising is an over 100 billion dollar a year industry and affects each and every one of us throughout our lives. Advertisments and the sell more then just products they sell images, values, love and sexuality, popularity, success, and worth.Ads tell us who we are and who we should be, even if that is not their intention, but for the most part, it is. Media within our society ceaselessly degrades women and sends negative messages about the ways in which women should be treated women are becoming objectified in the sense they are viewed as objects with little value. The media, which seems to endlessly show women as sexual objects, has the capability of limiting a womans potential and damagi ng their self worth.And if being bombarded with images of other skimpily dressed women is causing comparison, competition, and self-loathing, how is more of the same going to actually help? The focus that women place on their bodies in this culture is unhealthy and imbalanced. The body is important, and it is a big deal. As with all attempts to deny reality, there are consequences. Why else would uninhibited exposure be causing so many an(prenominal) emotional and self-esteem issues for so many women? Advertising highly profiles Body Perfect ideals that are both insincere and physically wrong.Annotated Bibliography Body Image and Advertising. Media Scope. http//www. mediascope. org/pubs/ibriefs/bia. htm Online. 17 March 2004. Summary Notes the overwhelming use of sexuality and beauty as a marketing tool for advertisers and its effects on young women by promoting the thin ideal. Cites statistics from studies about young womens responses to advertising in womens magazines that incl udes consequences such as eating disorders and a distorted body image.Response It is a big deal for the media to put out advertisements that the thin ideal is what women around the world should look like. I think that the girls/women we see on billboards or in magazines is just a false reality. Seeing the women on billboards who are stick skinny, is a toxic and depressing way to sell merchandise, and it works. Women are so caught up with the thin ideal that it leads young teenagers and women to accept eating disorders and to distort their body, to look pleasing enough to society. Heinberg, Leslie J. Thompson, J. Kevin. The Medias Influence on Body Image Disturbance and Eating Disorders Weve Reviled Them, Now Can We Rehabilitate Them? daybook of Social Issues. 55 (Summer 1999) Issue 2 339-354. LexisNexis. Online. 17 March 2004. Summary Notes the obvious tie between images and messages in mass media to body image and eating disorders. Mentions the changes in media messages from pre- 20th Century to the present in their representation of the female body. Implies that responsible social marketing is better for communication and the medias influence on a persons psychology.Response The way media messages have changed over the years is incredible. The media in the 21st Century has to be the most advanced of its time. The way they can advertise things so many different ways is genius. Although the access we have to it can be extremely hurtful. Having advertisements around us 24/7 can lead young women to have eating disorders and think less of their body. I do believe that the media has a big influence on how women see themselves and does lead women to eating disorders.The media has changed since the 20th century but I feel it has for the worse. Martin, Mary C. Gentry, James W. Stuck in the Model Trap The Effects of Beautiful Models in Ads on Female Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents. Journal of Advertising. 26 (Summer 1997) Issue 2 19. LexisNexis. Online. 17 March 200 4. Summary Discusses a study created to Asses the unintended effects advertising has on young women, suggesting that these women hold themselves to the standards of advertising models and thus their self-esteem and body image are affected.Response As real as models say they are they are promoting being skinny, tall, and attractive. I believe it is all fake, looking up to models isnt a decent way to live. It doesnt benefit you in anyway it is not real, yes, the models look pretty, and skinny but the media still photo shops most of them afterwards. Advertising with thin models will always have a negative affect on young women. The model industry needs to start portraying women in a more positive way in order to receive a more positive outcome.

Nutrition †Obesity Essay

Objective To assess the association between the pulmonary tuberculosis of close nutriment (FF) and be luck index (BMI) of teenagers in a large UK birth cohort. Methods A structural equation puzzleling (SEM) approach was chosen to eitherow direct statistical testing of a theoretical exercise. SEM is a combination of confirmatory factor and path analysis, which allows for the inclusion of l consument (unmeasured) variables. This approach was engaged to build two influences the effect of FF proceeds visits and provender choices and the effect of FF depiction on using up and BMI.Results A bring of 3620 participants had data for blossom and pack from the age 13 clinic and the frequency of FF outlet visits, and so were entangled in these analyses. This SEM model of solid nourishment choices showed that increased frequency of take ining at FF outlets is positively associ ingestd with high drug addiction of un robust foods (b ? 0. 29, Po0. 001) and negatively associated with the ingestion of sanguine foods (b ? A1. 02, Po0. 001). The SEM model of FF characterization and BMI showed that higher exposure to FF increases the frequency of visits to FF outlets (b ? 0. 61, Po0.001), which is associated with higher tree trunk mass index standard deviation score (BMISDS b ? 0. 08, Po0. 001). passing was the largest contri b arelying variable to the exposure (b ? 9. 2, Po0. 001). Conclusions The teenagers who ate at FF tuckering places consumed much(prenominal) insalubrious foods and were more likely to have higher BMISDS than those teenagers who did not eat frequently at FF restaurants. Teenagers who were exposed to more takeout food foods at home base ate more frequently at FF restaurants and eating at FF restaurants was also associated with lower intakes of vegetables and raw harvest in this cohort. world(prenominal) Journal of fleshiness (2011) 35, 13251330 doi10. 1038/ijo. 2011. 120 published online 28 June 2011 Keywords fast food overweigh t ALSPAC Introduction Childhood obesity prevalence have risen dramatically in the last 30 years in the Western world with the most recent figures for England and Wales show that 17% of boys and 16% of girls are obese. 1 An increase in the accessibility of calorie dense foods is implicated as one of the factors in the aetiology of the obesity epidemic. Fast food (FF) is one section of the food securities industry that has grown steadily over the last few decades and it was worth d8.9 billion in the United Kingdom in 2005. 2 FF is typically quick, convenient, tatty and Correspondence Dr LK Fraser, School of Geography, University of Leeds, University road, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. E-mail l. k. fraserleeds. ac. uk Received 6 February 2011 revised 21 April 2011 accepted 12 May 2011 published online 28 June 2011 uniform in its production,3 but FF is often high in saturated adipose tissues, zip fastener dense and has low micronutrient suffice. 49 Studies from the United States of the State s have shown that children who consume FF (when compared with children who do not eat FF) have higher energy intake and higher fat intakes9,10 as well as lower vegetable and milk intake.10,11 Therefore, the manipulation of such(prenominal) foods could possibly result in a positive energy balance and hence, weight gain. There is some evidence from longitudinal studies in the United States of the States that consuming FF as a teenager can result in weight gain in both early12 and middle adulthood. 13 FF is often marketed to children and adolescents by idiot box, internet and movie advertising,1417 with brand recognition being present from an early age. 18 The addition of toys as gifts with FF meals also attracts children.There is growing organic structure of literature that has assessed the location of FF outlets and has institute that areas of higher red Fast food and body mass index LK Fraser et al 1326 have more FF outlets1921 and that FF outlets are often located close to sc hools. 2224 The majority of research to date has been undertaken in the United States of America, but a try that analysed the fat substance of a FF meal in McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken outlets in 35 countries showed that the amount of fat varied considerably between countries, within the same FF outlet.25 This means that results from studies in the United States of America may not be generalisable to other countries. This drive aims to assess the cross-section(a) association between the consumption of FF and the body mass index (BMI) of teenagers in a large UK birth cohort. Methods The data for this study were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC),26 which is a birth cohort study where pregnant mothers who lived in the old Avon County in the United Kingdom (the Bristol region) were recruited in the early 1990s. A total of 14 541 mothers completed recruitment.Because of retrospective recruitment the total sample size was 15 224 fetuses and 14 610 live births. This paper presents data on the teenagers who attended the year 13 clinic and completed the year 13 capitulumnaire. Variables The food frequency data were collected from the questionnaires completed by mother (or carer) and separate questionnaires completed by the teenagers themselves at age 13 years. The data used from the carer questionnaire (collected at the same time point) referred to the questions How often does s/he eat in a FF restaurant?The responses to this question were collected as never/rarely, once a month, once e very(prenominal) 2 weeks, once or twice per week, 34 times a week, 5 or more times a week. The carers were also asked In total, how many portions of vegetables does s/he eat in a week (do not include potatoes), In total, how many portions of raw fruit does s/he eat in a week? These were free numerical responses, which were retained as a continuous variable for analyses.In the food frequency part of the teenager completed questionnai re the teenagers were asked If you ever buy food yourself from outside school, or from school vending machines, how often do you buy and eat apiece of the following things (include after school and weekends) chips, burger, pizza, sandwich, pies or pasties, chocolate, crisps, fruit and other food. The height and weight data were collected at clinic visits at B13 years. The exact age, sex, height and weight were used to calculate a BMI standard deviation score (BMISDS) for each participant (1990 UK eccentric dataset). 27 The teenagers Inter subject field Journal of Obesity were sort out as obese if their BMISDS was greater than the 95th percentile (BMISDS41. 64). The physical natural process data were collected via accelerometry at the age 13 clinic visit.28 The participants wore an accelerometer for seven resultant days and the measure used from this is mean counts per minute, which is a continuous variable. A deprivation score was assigned to each participant by matching the coo rdinates of their residential address (when carer questionnaire was completed) to the appropriate lower super output area. Each lower super output area has an index of tenfold deprivation score (Index of sixfold deficiency 2007 (IMD))29 assigned from the local census data. This is a continuous variable in which a higher number indicates an area of higher deprivation.Ethnicity was assigned as per the childs ethnicity into a binary variable of white British and other ethnicity. Statistical modelling Descriptive statistics were performed in STATA version 10 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was chosen to allow direct statistical testing of a theoretical model. SEM has many benefits over traditional arrested development techniques, which include the ability to model equations simultaneously and the incorporation of latent variables. 30 SEM is a combination of confirmatory factor and path analysis, which allows for the inclusion of latent (unmeasured) variables.31 This approach was used to build two models the effect of FF outlet visits and food choices and the effect of FF exposure on consumption and BMI. The SEM analyses were undertaken in AMOS version 17. 0 (IBM SPSS, USA). The hypothesised model for food choices is shown in the results section (Figure 2). The observed variables are displayed as boxes and latent variables as circles. Each observed variable has an associated random error term and each latent variable has an associated disturbance term, which confronts the variance in the latent variable that has not been explained by the observed variables associated with that latent variable.Regression paths are shown by singleheaded arrows and covariances by double-headed curved arrows. The model fit was assessed by two indices the comparative fit index (CFI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The CFI is a equation of the hypothesised model compared with an independence model whe re all parameters are assumed to be independent. The RMSEA gives an indication of how well would the model, with unknow but optimally chosen values, fit the nation covariance matrix if it were available.32 A combination of CFI40. 95 and a RMSEA of o0. 50 is a sign of good model fit. The w2-test of overall fit is very sensitive to large sample size so has not been used in these models. 30 The two models were constructed a priori using previous research. The nutritional content of chips, burgers, pizza and Fast food and body mass index LK Fraser et al 1327 pies are known to be high in saturated fat and energy and therefore are unhealthy,49,33 whereas fruit and vegetables are known to contain fibre and vitamins and so are classified as healthy.Exposure to FF outlets is known to be higher in areas of higher deprivation. 1921 In the food choices model, unhealthy consumption (latent variable) was modelled from the frequency of consumption of chips, burger, pizza and pies (reported by the teenagers themselves), and the healthy consumption was modelled from the number of pieces of vegetables and raw fruit consumed by the teenager (maternal report). The number of times that the teenager visited a FF outlet (maternal report) was regressed on the unhealthy and healthy consumption variables. The model for the effect of FF exposure on consumption and BMISDS is shown in Figure 3.Here exposure is a latent variable modelled from maternal and paternal takeaway frequency and deprivation score. The exposure is regressed on the number of visits to FF outlet. The BMISDS at age 13 years is the main outcome of this model. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ALSPAC lawfulness and Ethics Committee and the local research ethics committees. Results A total of 3620 participants have data for height and weight from the age 13 clinic and the frequency of FF outlet visits, and were included in these analyses (SEM cannot use individuals with missing data). A total of 1711 (47. 3%) were boys and 456 (12.6%) obese.The descriptive statistics are shown in Table 1. Frequency of visiting FF outlets and food consumption frequencies are shown in Figure 1. The results of model 1 are shown in Figure 2 with regression weights shown in Table 2. This model showed that increased frequency of eating at FF outlets was positively associated with higher consumption of unhealthy foods (b ? 0. 29, Po0. 001) and negatively associated with the consumption of healthy foods (b ? A1. 02, Po0. 001). The CFI for model 1 was 0. 98 and the RMSEA was 0. 05 (90% confidence separation 0. 044, 0. 058). These represent good approximate model fit. Table 1.The results of model 2 are shown in Figure 3 with regression weight shown in Table 3. This model showed that increased exposure to FF increased the frequency of visits to FF outlets (b ? 0. 61, Po0. 001), which in turn was associated with higher BMISDS (b ? 0. 08, Po0. 001). departure was the largest contributing variable to the ex posure (b ? 9. 2, Po0. 001). The CFI for model 2 was 0. 98, and the RMSEA was 0. 021 (90% confidence interval 0. 009, 0. 033). These represent very good approximate model fit. Discussion This study shows that teenagers who are exposed to more unhealthy foods at home are more likely to eat at FF restaurants and have a higher BMISDS.The negative association of increased visits to FF outlets on consumption of healthy foods (fruit and vegetables) has also been demonstrated. The FF restaurant use in this analysis was reported by the mother or main carer of the teenager and showed that nearly 60% of all the teenagers ate at a FF restaurant at least once a month. This appears to be less frequently than in the United States of America, where studies showed that 60% of older children and adolescents ate FF more than once per week34 and that B30% of children ate at a FF restaurant on any typical day. 9.As one part of the SEM this study showed that eating at a FF outlet was associated with a h igher BMISDS. There were no previous UK studies to compare these results with, but previous studies from the United States of America have not prove consistent results. Boutelle et al. 11 found no association between frequency of FF consumption and adolescent BMI or weight status, and an Australian study Descriptive statistics Mean BMISDS Deprivation (IMD 2007)29 Physical activity (c. p. m. ) Raw fruit (portions per week) Vegetables (portions per week) s. d. Median IQR 0. 29 13. 7 541 9. 5 9. 5 1. 14 11. 4 190 7 7 0. 024 10. 6 511 8 8 A0. 47, 1. 06 5.9, 17. 0 404, 653 5, 14 5, 12 Abbreviations BMISDS, body mass index standard deviation score for age and sex c. p. m. , cycles per minute IMD 2007, Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 IQR, interquartile range. Figure 1 Food frequency data. International Journal of Obesity Fast food and body mass index LK Fraser et al 1328 Figure 2 Results of SEM model of food choices. Table 2 Results of SEM model of food choices Regression weights a Unh ealthyfast food healthyfast food Chipsunhealthy Burgerunhealthy Fruithealthy Vegetableshealthy Pizzaunhealthy Piesunhealthy Estimate s. e. CR P 0. 285 A1. 023 1. 000 0. 732 1. 000 1. 157 0. 774 0.530 0. 021 0. 124 13. 439 A8. 274 o0. 001 o0. 001 0. 016 45. 243 o0. 001 0. 148 0. 018 0. 016 7. 802 42. 483 32. 720 o0. 001 o0. 001 o0. 001 Abbreviations CR, critical ratio SEM, structural equation modeling. aAll consumption variables units never/rarely, once a month, once every 2 weeks, once or twice per week, 34 times a week, 5 or more times a week. showed that FF eaten at home (but not away from home) was associated with higher BMI in adolescents (MacFarlane).Two longitudinal studies using data from the CARDIA study found that higher FF intake in adolescence was associated with higher BMI in young adulthood12 and those who ate FF more than twice a week had put on an extra 4. 5 kg of weight 15 years later. 13 The teenagers who ate more frequently at FF restaurants were more likely to ea t less fruit and vegetables, as well as consume more unhealthy foods (chips, burger, pizza, pies) than those teenagers who ate at FF restaurants less frequently.This is an indication that the consumption of unhealthy foods may displace healthy food choices. This is similar to previous research in the United States of America, International Journal of Obesity which showed that children who ate FF consumed 45 g less vegetables per day than children who did not eat FF.10 At age 13 years the food frequency data were a combination of maternal and self-report from the teenagers, but the total macro- and micronutrient values could not be assessed in this study as these data were not yet available at the time of writing. Deprivation was the largest contributor to the FF exposure variable. This could be explained by the fact that those of higher deprivation eat more FF because of the relative cheapness of FF. It has also been shown in many studies in the United Kingdom and the United States of America that areas of higher deprivation have more FF outlets than more affluent areas therefore, FF is more readily available.35 An interesting economics paper from the United States of America showed that increase the cost of FF by $1 could decrease BMI by 0. 78 units. 36 The increased consumption of unhealthy foods (chips, burger, pizzas and pies) by those teenagers who ate more frequently at FF outlets was not surprising, but the associated negative effect of the consumption of fruit and vegetables by these participants is important. These teenagers will not only be consuming more of the saturated fat and salt from the burgers, and so on, but at the same time they are not consuming important nutrients from fruit and vegetables.Although many FF outlets now offer more healthy alternatives such as fruit and vegetables, the consumers may still be choosing the unhealthy foods. Fast food and body mass index LK Fraser et al 1329 The FF question completed by the carer did not specify what constituted FF so some respondents may only count large franchises as FF whereas others may use a broader definition that includes independent takeaways. Although the frequency of eating at a FF restaurant was asked, the carers were not asked about the food eaten from these establishments and many FF restaurants now offer more healthy alternatives.Although the majority of FF items do not meet the Food Standards Agency nutrient standards for total fat, saturated fat, sugar and sodium there are wide variations in similar products from different FF outlets with sodium content varying by up to four times in fried chicken products. 37 Therefore, having data on which food items were consumed from which FF outlet would further enhance future studies. There was no information on why the teenagers ate at FF restaurants, and key questions for the future include was there no alternative eating establishments in their neighbourhood?Did they prefer FF to other meals or was the cost of food important? Conclusions This study has shown that the teenagers who ate at FF restaurants consumed more unhealthy foods and were more likely to have higher BMISDS than those teenagers who did not eat frequently at FF restaurants. Teenagers who were exposed to more takeaway foods at home ate more frequently at FF restaurants. Eating at FF restaurants was also associated with lower intakes of vegetables and raw fruit in this cohort. Figure 3 The SEM model of FF exposure and BMI. Table 3 Results of SEM model of FF exposure and body mass index Regression weights Fast food exposure.Maternal fast foodexposure Deprivationexposure Paternal fast foodexposure BMISDSfast food BMISDSc. p. m. a Estimate s. e. CR 0. 61 1. 000 9. 20 0. 66 0. 08 0. 00 0. 07 8. 654 1. 07 0. 08 0. 02 0. 00 8. 605 8. 680 3. 586 A3. 351 P o0. 001 o0. 001 o0. 001 o0. 001 o0. 001 Abbreviations BMISDS, body mass index standard deviation score for age and sex c. p. m. , cycles per minute CR, critical ratio FF, fast food IM D 2007, Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 SEM, structural equation modeling. a All consumption variables units never/rarely, once a month, once every 2 weeks, once or twice per week, 34 times a week, 5 or more times a week.Strengths/limitations This is a large dataset with good-quality height and weight data taken at clinic visits by trained staff using validated equipment. There were food consumption data about the teenagers available from both the teenagers and their carers, but this is a cross-sectional study so causation cannot be implied from this data. As expected in a longitudinal study there is attrition and the subcohort used in this study may not be truly representative of the whole cohort. Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Acknowledgements.We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting and the whole ALSPAC team, which include interviewers, computer and laboratory technic ians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. The UK Medical Research Council (grant ref 74882), The Wellcome Trust (grant ref 076467) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. LKF was funded by ESRC/MRC studentship.References 1 Craig RS. wellness survey for England 2007, 2008. Available from http//www. natcen. ac. uk/study/health-survey-for-england-2007. 2 Keynote.UK fast food and home delivery outlets, 2006. 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Nutrient content of products served by leading Australian fast food chains. Appetite 2010 55 484489. Copyright of International Journal of Obesity is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holders express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.

Malthus And Africa

Africa, universe a third human being untaught with much economic oppression, is currently being debated in the General Assembly about whether or non it should rent world control. umteen experts believe that, if not controlled, the rate of the increasing population of Africa will be fork up disastrous effects. Over two hundred years ago, a man by the name of doubting Thomas Robert Malthus wrote an essay on the effects of population and the nutriment supply titled An Essay on the article of belief of Population. This essay dealt with the ontogeny of population and if not restrained, how it would destroy mans subsistence here on universe (Geyer 1).Much of what he wrote applies to not only Africa, but also the entire world today. Currently, the population growth in the Western Nations is approaching zero. This means that each family is having 2. 1 children, enough to replace the current population. For northeasterly America to double, it would take one hundred years, for Eu rope, two hundred. But for Africa to double, it would take only twenty-four years. in that respect be many factors as to why Africa, and many other third world countries, reproduces at such(prenominal) a rate.Lack of contraceptives, traditional values, high infant mortality, and poor education argon a few of these actors (Duffey 2). It is a lot easier for a country to deal with its problems if it has less people, says Brian Hailwel, who studies Malthuss theories (Kolasky 1). Carl Haub who stated, It is almost impossible for a developing country to move from the Third World to the send-off World when their population is rising so rapidly supports Hailwels statement. Malthus believed that the evolution of mankind existed in cycles.Good times occurred when there were high wage and good living conditions, which led to early marriages and rapid population increase. Then come the bad times. Disease, beginning ages, and epidemics lead to population decrease and a restored balance bet ween population and resources. This cycle then rep corrodes (Stundbia 4). He also felt that the Poor Laws, which attempted to support those whose incomes were too low to support themselves, were in the want run more harmful than suspensorful. This just leads to lower wages and families that can not support the children they already have bearing more.Many people seem to imply that war, famine, and plague will help dungeon the worlds population restrained. These disasters argon one of the two prepares on the growth of population that Malthus identifies in An Essay on he Principle of Population. He called these two checks positive checks and preventative checks. Positive checks are famine, disease, and wars epoch preventive checks are celibacy, abortion, and late marriages. Africa participates very little in the second check Malthus identifies collectable to previously stated reasons.When Malthus wrote his essay, he did not take into account the impact technology would have on viands production. Due to the Green Revolution which brought about the tractor, refrigeration, chemical fertilizers, and genetic engineering, there was a dreadful increase in food production. Until the mid-eighties, food production kept up with population growth. Since then, it has been steadily declining. caryopsis production is declining due to soil erosion, waterlogging and salting of irrigated land, air pollution, water shortages, and overuse of land (Berntsen 3).Technological advances remunerative for the loss of farmland. Even though less land can be utilize, more food is being produced. Unfortunately, there are many indications that the world is, at present, producing the maximum amount of food it is capable of. The unite effect of the loss of farmland and the peaking of yield er acre impose limitations. The same problem is in circumstance for the m run through production. Nearly all of the worlds rangelands are in use. Seventy- portion of the worlds one-year meat is r ange fed while the other thirty-percent is grain fed.The only room for growth is in the grain fed, and that is estimated to only grow another forty-two percent (Berntsen 2). Fish are also on the decline as a reliable resource for food. The destruction of spawning grounds and the use of mile-long nylon nets has caused the overharvesting of the ocean. A five- percent increase is optimistic (Berntsen 3). The result of the present being the peak in food production while the population is shut away growing is frightening. If food were to be distributed equally, the food supply would be ten pounds per week.Currently, Americans eat seventeen pounds of food per week. When the world population reaches approximately eleven billion in the year 2050, the food supply will be six to seven pounds per week, which is below the level of food people eat who live in poverty today (Berntsen 1). Malthus believed that three things cause the decline of living conditions the overpopulation of young the nab ility of resources to spare up with the rising human population and the irresponsibility of the lower class (Simison 2). Malthus suggested a regulation on the size of families of the lower class to fight this.Tunisia, which is located in Northern Africa, has introduced birth control with infrequent results. If overpopulation is not checked, it leads to the crowding of people and the fight for food and water. This, in turn, leads to genocide and other means that are normally considered inappropriate as acceptable (Geyer 2). Equilibrium is what Malthus thought population should achieve. This is where the birth rate equals the stopping point rate. When this is reached, wages will stay the same and any disturbances caused will have compensating changes (Stundbia 5).Malthus, who is credited for this idea, did not specify the human population would ever achieve it. He figured that it would be exceeded, a positive check would result, and the cycle would start all over again. Taking Mal thuss theories into account, the only thing that will help Africa economically is for the population to be repressed. In fact, for the next generation or two, the reproduction level should be below the replacement rate. This dramatically decreases the population, therefore increasing the chances it has to grow and develop.If Africas population is not repressed, there will not be enough food to feed the people living there. Even First World countries will be unable to help, because they will need all the food they can produce. A gruesome famine will occur, with thousands dead. Africa will experience a major setback and may maybe never recover. I believe that much of Malthuss theory is correct. Much of the data he used in the seventeen hundreds was incorrect, but his ideas still apply. The cycles he explained have proven to occur. Almost all of the worlds land that can be used is being used to produce the maximum yield.Scientists have predicted the worlds growth to reach eleven billi on by the year 2050 if left unchecked. Many have also agreed that the maximum food supply is being produced. If countries such as Africa, whose population tripled from 1950 to today, do not curb their population growth, there will not be enough food to feed them, much less countries that are considerable better off economically. I also think that if Africa were to be educated and there was less oppression, the result would be lower population growth.The idea of allowing families to have only a certain amount of children is morally wrong. Some people seem to think that Malthuss ideas are extinct and do not apply to the world today. They consider him and what he thought to be dead. But, as Pablo Neruda once said, Everything that is buried is not dead (Geyer 1). He is still alive because his theories can still be applied to today. The consequences of not considering Malthuss theory as a real threat are too great. For life to exist as we know it, population must be repressed. If not, ma ns subsistence will be extinct.