Approaches in Lifelong Learning Essay Example for Free

Approaches in Lifelong Learning EssayThe need of the learners was identified as having to choose investigators who could adopt a methodical approach, which is essential whilst carrying out equipment failure investigations.This was used as my session aim This learning session entrust teach you a methodical approach of investigating equipment failure. When identifying the need for training I first assessed what the learners would have to have learnt by the end of the learning session. This was identified as the need to know what equipment would be used and how to carryout an investigation in easily managed phases. I then used this as my objective By the end of this lesson you will have been introduced to the contents of the investigator pack and be able to identify the 3 phases of an equipment failure investigation. (1. 2) The learners were identified as personnel with some preceding learning within the subject matter. The instructional, rather than practical approach to delive ring the session was selected as the subject matter was mainly theoretical (the session would later be followed by a practical session). The primary method of delivery would be verbal, given by the teacher.

Organizational Structure and Culture Essay Example for Free

organisational Structure and grow EssayAuthority structure within fundamental laws is valuable for the oversight of delegated processes and expected outcomes. Without structure, chaos would impede support, communication theory, and vision development. organizational designs vary according to the need of the organization to operate efficiently, to achieve goals, and to support the associates within the organization. The organizational structure style design helps lead the organization in successful endeavors (Sullivan Decker, 2009).Organizational History The history of an organization contributes to the design of the formal organizational structure.The medical center has a tumultuous history. A new upstart building was constructed in 2000 to replace an older structure. The local physicians had no input into the decision or design of the new facility. The organizational structure during that time was a strict parallel design. The physicians reported to the forefront medica l military officer and the Board of Trustees. The physicians jointly decided not to support the new local hospital the organization began to collapse. The medical center eventually fell into bankruptcy because of the lack of physician support, poor financial management, and unscrupulous use of organizational monies.The court system contain a reconstruction organization in an attempt to rebuild the local hospital. During the time of bankruptcy the parallel organizational structure remained in place, but with slight authority of the medical governance branch. The main focus of the organizational structure was financial survival of the organization. An immediate change was needed for the improvement of the dangerously depression morale of the health c be associates The once country owned, bankrupted not-for-profit-hospital was bought and sold twice before stabilization began to be a possibility.A corporation purchased the hospital and changed it to a for-profit organization. There was very little resistance to the change because the organization had been surviving in chaos. According to Kurt Lewins three stage theory of change, the first variety, the unfreezing phase, is an important phase of change. Change is getting ready to happen during this phase. The health care associates of the medical center had been getting ready for change for a few years. The unfreezing phase requires the development of motivation.Motivation was the chance to prosper in a successful business venture while delivering quality care to the community (Kurt Lewin, 2012). Generational Culture The generational culture of the organization had a positive effect on the change. There was a common goal developed, the success of the organization. The generational similarities outnumber the generational differences. According Anick (2008), The top reason for happiness in the workplace is the sense of feeling valued (Table 2. Elements on which members of each generation are mostly similar).The t raditional, pamper boomers, generation X, and generation Y became involved in the decision making as the new organization structure formed. They shared ideas and offered suggestions for patient of care improvement. snug leaders began to emerge. During the refreezing phase, the stabilization became the norm. The differences in the generational culture became more apparent. More processes, greater accountability, and new required use of technology caused a feeling of less(prenominal) worth for the older generation of health care providers. The younger nurses seemed to adapt more quickly to new systems and techniques.Older nurses began to believe they were less important to the process. The light leader roles changed. A new information system was installed and education was initiated. This led to more attention on the differences of the generational cultures. Much of the required education was terminate on the computer. E-mail is essential for communication within the organization . Some of the traditional generation began to feel left behind. At the end of the first year, many of the health care providers who had survived the previous chaos succumbed to the new advancements and left the organization.Current Organizational Design The current organizational structure of the medical center is a intercellular substance design. The upper administration consists of a chief breast feeding officer, chief financial officer, and an assistant administrator. This group reports setly to the chief executive officer. The chief executive officer reports to the Board of Trustees. The medical center consists of two distinct campuses, four on-site clinics, and one clinic located off campus. The upper administration is responsible for the organization.The matrix esign is mixed and requires good interpersonal skills for dual managers. Each nursing unit has a nurse manager. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer regarding any patient care issues. The nurse mana gers of the behavioral health campus also report to the behavioral health program director for organizational issues. The physicians are under the organizational comprehensive for operational regulations but report to the chief medical officer regarding medical patient care. The resource manager has a dual account line to the chief nursing officer and the chief financial officer.The matrix requires frequent communication among the dual authorities. Non-management views the frequent meetings as meetings about meetings (Sullivan Decker, 2009) Formal lines of reporting are evident within the organization. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer. Managers of departments involving financial business of the hospital report to the chief financial officer. Ancillary and support go report to the assistant administrator. The compliance officer, the pharmacy director and the behavioral health program director report directly to the chief executive officer.The formal lines o f reporting are used for recognition of associates, disciplinary offenses, and arbitration of challenges between departments. Patient-Centered Care Environment The organization is creating an environment for client-centered care by the development of a nursing leadership council consisting of direct care providers. The council membership includes seven registered nurses from nursing units with day and night shift representation. The nursing council interviews associates and patients, observes processes, and reports findings to the council.Changes in nursing processes are approved finished the nursing council with final approval by the chief nursing officer. The council members were selected using predetermined criteria. The informal leaders of individual departments were chosen for their job performances and their proven leadership skills. The shared governance gives ownership of patient care to the frontline caregivers (Hess, 2004). Organizational Communication Various communicat ion methods are used within the organization. Formal, time sensitive communications are delivered face-to-face or by technology.E-mail and web conferencing are the most frequent used methods for upper administration. Both methods allow quick responses between the communicators. Upper-level management processes the information and decides the best delivery method to the next lower-level management, depending on the subject matter and the expected time frames. Middle management associates imitate leadership meetings every two weeks. Management communicates organizational status through these meetings. Plans for future projects are discussed during the leadership meetings. Middle management has e-mail accounts and receives electronic communications on changes.Middle management holds departmental meetings at least monthly to distribute information to the direct care providers. Upper-level management holds open meetings for the direct care providers each quarter. The meetings focus on c urrent organizational trends and plans. Direct care providers ask questions and make suggestions for improvement during the open meetings. Communication boards are lay in strategic areas through the work areas. Information is placed on the communication boards and updated weekly. Questions frequently come from the information from the boards.Conclusion The organizational structure stub be descriptive of the culture of the organization. A ridged authoritarian organizational structure defines an organization that does not allow the frontline workers to participate in decisions that affect the organization. The matrix organizational design requires open communication between the leaders of the organization. Added shared governance from the frontline creates more awareness is put on the quality and delivery of the product. Organizational structures vary and are representative of the leadership within.

Defense Attorneys Essay Example for Free

Defense Attorneys EssayDiscuss the role of defense policeyers in the courtroom workgroup. A defense attorney is a lawyer who provides legal representation for a person who has been arrested and charged for breaking the law or when an individual been served with a lawsuit. For example, when another individual filing the lawsuit goes after money for damages or justifiable relief of some sort. A very small portion of lawyers actually discuss that they work as criminal defense attorneys. This is because of the negative labeling assigned to the profession by American kind Forces. However defense attorneys are very important in the criminal justice system. They work to comfort the innocent from being falsely convicted, and they work to protect the constitutional rights of all defendants. When a criminal defendant cannot afford to pay for the services of a private legal attorney, the United States Supreme Court requires that a defense attorney be appointed to represent the defendant. This expense is covered by taxpayers. There are three major categories of defense attorneys to help assistance criminal defendants * Private attorneys usually referred to as retained counsel.

Vocabulary Learning On Low Proficiency Learners English Language Essay

Vocabulary Learning On Low Proficiency Learners side of meat Language EssayIn many investigate on hour phrase schoolroom, the role and influences of mother tongue or source speech (L1) on second phraseology (L2) cultivation has always been a hotly debated issue. There baffle always been contradicting views ab out(a) whether or not to routine L1 of the students in the second language classroom. During the past 30 years, in the late seventies to early eighties, the idea of using mother tongue in language classroom was not a favored one. Majority of the language classroom ingestiond solely L2 while the use of L1 is avoided totally (Liu, 2008). In fact, many supported the use of L2 just now so as to provide full exposure to that language. The use of L1 in the language classroom is deemed as depriving the learners stimulant drug in L2 (Ellis, 1984).Despite the many arguments from twain proponents and opponents of the use of L1 in the L2 language classroom, linguistic resear chers failed to provide a conclusion for this issue and could not reach a common ground on whether the use of L1 is considered as a facilitator or a barrier in the achievement of second language. concord to democracy (2003), L2 should be fully utilized as of decennary as possible in a foreign language classroom (in this context, side of meat). Though L2 should be the core language used in classroom steering and learning, the use of L1 should not be abandoned as it has a minute but remarkable role in language learning (Nation, 2003).Apart from Nation (2003), there ar many linguists and researchers in the field of second language acquisition who agreed that L1 should be utilized in the language classroom in particular with students who be not highly proficient in the target language (Swain Lapkin, 2000 Tang, 2002 Mattioli 2004). This suggests that L1 plays an primary(prenominal) role in the language classroom especially for the emit advance learners. However, not many em pirical studies have been conducted to examine the soundness of using L1 as a tool for low development learners in L2 classroom (Bouangeune, 2009). Therefore, this idea sympathizeks to find evidence to support the theory that L1 can facilitate the learning of L2 in the classroom learning. Classroom learning for languages encompasses four language skills, for example, tuition inclusion, writing, and verbiage learning. As a head start, this paper will examine the use of L1 in L2 phraseology learning.1.2 Research ObjectivesLiu (2008) did a rather straightforward and ecumenical research on the set up of L1 use on L2 vocabulary learning. In his assume, he managed to prove that bilingual vocabulary instruct method is actually fitted for Chinese EFL learners (Liu, 2008). Inspired by his research, this study aims to address the problem of low progression learners in Malaysian secondary government school.This study will echo the research done by Liu (2008) to investigate the rol e of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning. Also, this study in extended to identify whether L1 is a facilitator or a barrier to the L2 vocabulary learning in Malaysian context and how L1 facilitates the language learning. The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of L1 use in L2 vocabulary learning on low technique L2 learners.1.3 Research QuestionsBased on the objective, this study seeks to measure how L1 facilitates the low proficiency L2 learners to realize the gradeifications of new lecture. This study aims to answer the following questionsWhat are the effects of using L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom?To what extend does the use of L1 increase the performances of L2 vocabulary learning.From here, we propose the following hypothesesThere are significant differences between the performances of students with different language approach in the vocabulary learning.The bilingual approach (incorporating L1 in L2 classroom learning) is suitable to low proficiency L2 l earners.1.4 Purpose of the contemplateThis study sets to focus on L2 vocabulary learning due to the reason that acquisition of vocabulary has a fundamental role in learning a second language (Skmen, 1997). In other spoken dialogue, vocabulary learning is inter-related to other language skills. A number of studies claimed that L2 learners need to have extensive knowledge of vocabulary as it is useful in the long term run (Nation, 2001). Since the acquisition of vocabulary is so grave in learning a second language, effective ways of teaching and learning vocabulary should be emphasized.Research has confirmed that proper application of L1 can effectively assist the memorization of new run-in during L2 vocabulary learning process. Liu (2008) used the fact that L1 is present in L2 learners mind, thereof, whether the teacher uses L1 or not, the L2 knowledge that is being formed in their mind is linked in all sorts of ways with their L1 knowledge. This observation is supported from t he sociocultural theory perspective that L1 meanings continue to have a persistent effect in the L2 learning (Lantolf Thorne, 2006). Therefore, it is go for that through this study, we are able to draw some insights concerning the role of L1 and how L1 provides a familiar and effective way for acquiring and chthonicstanding the meaning of new words in L2 vocabulary learning.1.5 The Theoretical FrameworkThe theoretical framework for this study is based on three prominent second language acquisition theory, viz. the Krashens Monitor Model (1985), Swains Output guessing (1985) and Comprehensible Output (1995) and Longs Interaction Hypothesis (1981, 1996). It has been widely acknowledged that the three constructs of these theories, the stimulus, interaction and output are intimately related elements in L2 learning (Zhang, 2009). The commentary is vital for language acquisition. However, input entirely is not sufficient. In addition, interaction comes into play as an equally imp ortant role in the process of learning. As for output, it is the final result or the goal in learning L2.According to Krashen , the input and output of L2 learning and outturn is reflected by the model in Figure 1 down the stairsFigure 1 Krashens combined model of acquisition and productionLearners need to receive comprehendible input the L2 acquisition. Before the input is being processed into the Language Acquisition Device (LAD), it may or may not be filtered as the affectional Filter Hypothesis explains. With comprehensible input and low affectional filter, learners will be able to acquire the L2 knowledge and bring up output. However, the notion of output is not strongly stressed in this model, therefore a model of second language acquisition is alike adopted. The model is reflected in Figure 2 belowFigure 2 A model of second language acquisition and use (based on VanPatten, 1995)Based on the above Krashens combined model of acquisition and production (Figure 1) and a mod el of Van Pattens second language acquisition (Figure 2), the framework below (Figure 3) is conceptualized to represent the relationship between Krashens comprehensible Input and emotive Filter Hypothesis, Longs Interaction Hypothesis and Swains Output Hypothesis in second language acquisition process in the context of using L1 in L2 teaching of vocabulary.Figure 3 Conceptualized framework based on combination of input, interaction and output1.6 Significance of studySince there has been few studies done by the language teachers and professionals in identifying whether the use of L1 in the learning of L2 vocabulary on low proficiency students, this study will serve as a groundwork to attend the effectiveness and to enlighten insight of whether there is any differences, of how well the low proficiency students response and improve by using L1 in vocabulary learning. This paper hopes that the result from this study would add to the betterment of interest and motivation among the stud ents and improve their proficiency in second language vocabulary learning.1.7 Limitation of the StudyThis study examines only the low proficiency students who are studying in form 5, who are selected because they have been receiving below C grade for their English result. Due to insufficient representations of students of other level, generalization is applicable only to the form five students of the particular school. There is in any case the matter of class control. Since the students were from low achievement class, they are also the possibilities that they had discussed the answers among themselves. The research also suffers from time constraints. The purpose of this quantitative study is to determine the habit of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning on low proficiency students. get along studies may carry out in different samples for identification of different strategies and method use.2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 History of language learning on L1 use in L2 teachingThroughout the hist ory of second language acquisition both in the context of learning and especially teaching, the role of L1 has long been the closely long-standing controversies in the history of language pedagogy and this, according to Stern (as cited in Anh,2010) . This was throw out supported by Hitotuzi (2006) who stated that first and foremost, to further understand the important and significance of the relationship of L1 and L2 in second language acquisition, one should start as early as one could in the periodic the role of the learners first language in the process of foreign/ second language learning and acquisition. The issues of whether or not to use the L1 in the L2 teaching have left a debate among teachers with some feeling that under certain limitations, the L1 could be used as a tool while the other teachers feel that L1 should not be involved in the teaching of L2 (Stapa Majid,2009). According to Anh (2010), the attention given to this matter has been increasing and has garner a lot of interest in research and studies carried out to further develop the methods and issues concerning to the qualities of using L1 as a resource in the language classroom and also among the language teaching profession.The history of L1 physical exercise in L2 teaching can traced thought history and it could be considered to have started as early as in the nineteenth century in the western countries, where the Grammar write up Method dominated the L2 classroom (Anh, 2010). Howatt (as cited in Hitotuzi, 2006) also stated that the Grammar Translation Method enjoyed a widespread acceptance excessively in the late nineteenth-century until the realism War II, this is according to Bowen, Aden and Hilferty (as cited in Hitotuzi, 2006). Here, it can be seen that the usage and issues of L1 usage in L2 language acquisition has long started and practiced throughout history. According to Larsen-Freeman (as cited in Anh, 2010), the Grammar Translation Method derived from the teaching of t he classical languages, Latin and Greek, where, through this method, L2 was used in grammar illustration, bilingual vocabulary lists and translation exercises and was a fundamental goal in processing learners be able to read literature (Anh, 2010). Since then, as stated by Hitotuzi (2006), many other significance occurrence can be seen in the development of L1 in L2 acquisition such as of Howatts Direct Method which focused on the extremisms in the usage of the mother tongue a reason that occur in the twentieth century and was according to him, was shortly preceded by Lambert Sauveurs Natural Method and followed by the Armys Method, or the Audiolingual Method (ALM). The matter of L1 usage in L2 teachng has a deep root in Second language and Hitotuzi (2006) further mentioned that During these centuries of controversy over the role of L1 in the L2 learning context, many unsalted teaching, practice and sinvolving (or excluding) Learner L1 has been adopted they rely essentially on po pular beliefs. Anh (2010) also stated with the aim of developing post-communicative methods which regard L1 as a classroom resource, several studies connected to the role of L1 in the teaching of L2 have been conducted.2.2 Krashens Monitor ModelIn the theories of second language acquisition, the Input Hypothesis by Stephen Krashen (1985) is state to be one of the major theories frequently referred to (Zheng, 2008). This hypothesis aims to explain how learners acquire a second language. It claims that language input (vocabulary) is important to acquisition. For the acquisition of L2 vocabulary, comprehensible input is an essential factor. According to the hypothesis, second language acquisition happens when the learners understand input that contains grammatical forms at i+1 (Zhang, 2009). In simpler terms, if learners are able to understand the explanations and instructions given by teachers, then their current competence i will be promoted to i+1. Learners tend to achieve optimal a cquisition when they are able to understand most of the input while being challenged by some new vocabulary (Castro, 2010). It would be a waste of effort for a teacher to keep on speaking in L2 if the students are low proficiency L2 speakers. The teacher might be carrying many classroom activities but without the help of L1, the students cannot understand the instructions and participate in the activities. Therefore, it is crucial for teachers to provide sufficient comprehensible input to their students in the language classroom.When Krashen came out with the Input Hypothesis, he further described acquisition with another closely related hypothesis, the Affective Filter Hypothesis. The Affective Filter Hypothesis explains that learners need to receive the comprehensible input into their brains. However, learners tend to filter or block out the target language if they become tense, confused, angry or bored (Lightbown Spada, 1999). In order to prevent learners from having high affect ive filter towards target language, they need to be fed with acceptable taste of food. Previous studies have reported that teachers tend to fine students for using their L1 in English language classroom (Weinberg, 1990). If the students speak their L1 (Spanish, Cantonese, Mandarin, Vietnamese, Russian or Farsi) in the English language classroom, they will be fined 25 cents. This reminds me of my primary schooling days where we were make compulsory to communicate in English during the English Week and if we fail to do so, we will be fined 10 cents for each word spoken in our mother tongue. As a result, many students dared not speak much or speak out loud during that workweek because they could not converse in English language fluently. This situation clearly explains that when learners become frustrated, upset, angry and resentful at the environment of the language classroom, their learning stops. Therefore, it is critical for teachers to consider the barriers faced by the L2 learne rs especially turn down proficiency learners and provide comprehensible input to lower their affective filters.2.3 Longs Interaction HypothesisThe other important element in L2 learning is interaction. Long (1981, 1996) influenced by Krashens theory on input developed the Interaction Hypothesis. In addition, Long (1981, 1996) focused on the link between the language learners and their language development. Since early 1980s, researchers have been concentrating on studying the role of interaction and considered it as important for second language acquisition (Xu, 2010). The central focus of the Interaction Hypothesis is on the negotiation for meaning (Castro, 2010). Comprehensible input must be accompanied by interactions to yield a to a greater extent desirable output. The occurrences of interaction produce significances, feedbacks and input modifications that help to increase comprehension of content. Long (1996) noted that interaction facilitated comprehension and acquisition. In other words, interactive input is more important than non-interactive input (Ellis, 1994).Interactions in the language classroom are very important for both teachers and students. L2 learners should be given chances to interact with the teachers for clearer understanding. There should be possibilities for L2 learners to clarify requests, check comprehension and request for repetition in the classroom learning. Long (1981, 1996) noticed the differences in communication exchange between the native speakers and non-native speakers. For native speakers, they tend to continue communication despite the non-native speakers language limitations. Therefore, the non-native speakers need frequent negotiations for better understanding (Zhang, 1010). As such, the language used in delivering contents needs to be comprehensible to the learners so that their attention can be drawn in the classroom learning. Besides, L1 should be used as a tool to sustain the interactions between L2 low proficiency learners and their teachers so that both parties can enter into negotiation for meaning.2.4 Swains Output HypothesisIn response to the Input Hypothesis by Krashen (1985), Swain (1985) argued that comprehensible input may not be sufficient for successful second language acquisition (Zhang, 2009). Furthermore, in order to produce comprehensible output, comprehensible input alone is not sufficient to L2 learning process. Research has been conducted using the Output Hypothesis and the results show that there is a link between language use and language learning (Zhang, 2009). From here, we know that in order to yield desirable output, we have to consider the factors that contribute to a more effective learning process.2.5 Low proficiency L2 learners and vocabulary learningAccording to Anh (2010), due to the controversial of the impact of L1 usage in L2 teaching, many studies and research have been done on it. Although most of the research have been on the subject none really focused on how L1 usage in L2 teaching in the context of Low proficiency L2 learners. As stated by Latsanyphone and Bouangeune (2009), few experimental research and studies has been done on L1 to observe to find out whether it is an effective tool for teaching low proficiency learners. They further stated that The many agreement by professionals from the field of second language acquisitions such as Nation, 2001 Swain Lapkin, 2000 Atkinson, 1987 Tang, 2002 Auerbach, 1993 Mattioli, 2004 that stated and agree L1 usage would be an advantage with low proficiency students in a target language suggested that L1 plays an significant function in language teaching, particularly for the low proficiency learners. According to Latsanyphone and Bouangeune (2009), result from a study conducted by Ramachandran and Rahim (2004), who studied the effectiveness of using L1 in translation method, suggested that using L1 in the course of translation method was more effective than not using L1 in developing ESL le arners vocabulary knowledge ability, and could also advance elementary ESL learners skill to recall the meaning of the word that they have learnt. They further stated that Based on the above, it seems necessary to look at the approaches for vocabulary teaching. Such implication could only mean that L1 in the teaching of L2 in the context of low proficiency students could prove to an advantage and should be further investigate the effectiveness of using L1 in teaching vocabulary to low proficiency learners despite the controversy of L2 teaching should only used L2 language as the medium of teaching.3.0 Methodology3.1 IntroductionThis section presents the study design and sets of procedures that were employed for the entropy collection of this research. The sample for this research was taken from a secondary school in Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. Only the Form five students from the low proficient class are involved in the study.3.2 SubjectsThe subjects for the study were selected of f orm five students in a secondary school in Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. They were selected from the classes that have the lowest result of English (c and below).3.3 Instruments cardinal establishs (pre- running play and post-test) were used to obtain and collect data in this study. The students literacy was measured using language tests. Two vocabulary tests were conducted in the classroom within 1 week. The students were instructed to overreach or cross depending on whether they know the meaning of the word. If yes, then they need to provide the meaning using their own words and the answer in L1. Their test results were collected and analyzed.3.2 ProceduresThis approach is based on a questionnaire survey conducted on the target group. The main instrument used for this study is an open-ended vocabulary questionnaire that consists of ten chosen English vocabulary from SPM level essay. Where the students are instructed to tick or cross depending on whether they know the meaning of the word. If yes, then they need to provide the meaning using their own words and the answer in L1. A pre-test was conducted on the students. After the pre-test, the students were divided into ii groups, experimental and control. The control group have explanation and discussion of the vocabulary and its meaning in English while the experimental group explanation and discussion were conducted in L1 (Bahasa Melayu). A post-test was done a week later. Both the experimental and control group were given the same format of questionnaire with the same questions/words as previous test. The purpose of the second test was to see how many words were acquired one week before could be remembered, and to see whether there was any difference in the vocabulary acquisition of the new words between the two groups.3.3 Data analysisA quantitative method was used in processing the data. The data collected in the study was inspected. Tests were objectively marked by the researchers. For each correct answ er/ meaning, they were given 1 mark. Data builds were carefully typed into the SPSS data table in order to gain the desired data and analyzed using independent sample T-test analysis.4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Pre-testThe objective of the analysis of the questionnaire is to answer the two questions of What are the effects of using L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom? and To what extend does the use of L1 increase the performances of L2 vocabulary learning. The results were interpreted independent sample T-test analysis shown in the graph below.The distribution of pre-test account statement by Class 1 (Experimental throng) is skew to the right. It has a range from 0 to 2. IQR is 1. The mean and median(a) are similar at 1.1 and 1 respectively. According to this graph, two of the students received 0 marks, 5 of them with 1 mark, and three of them with 3 marks. This could probably due to lack of knowledge of the given words and their meaning. However, from the answered questio nnaire received, it could be seen that they do showed sign of positiveness and effort when they do try to answer each words in direct translation using L1 for example homeless, answered as kurang rumah.The distribution of pre-test score by Class 2 ( assure Group) is skewed to the right too. It has a range from 0 to 8. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 2 and 1 respectively. Accordingly, I students with 0 mark, 5 students achieved 3 mark, 2 student with 2 mark, I student with 3 marks and only 1 students received 6 marks. This group also showed poor comprehension of the given word although fared slightly better than the experimental group.From the above result, we can see that the post-test mean of Experimental Group (Class 1) is 14.2 and the post-test mean of Control Group (Class 2) is 11.8. Compare with the pre-test mean of Experimental Group (Class 1) is 1.1 and the pre-test mean of Control Group (Class 2) is 2, Experimental Group (Class 1) improve mean of 13.1 and Contro l Group (Class 2) improve mean of 9.8. The Improvement of Experimental Group (Class 1) is higher than Control Group (Class 2).4.2 Post-testThe distribution of post-test score by Class 1 (Experimental Group) is skewed to the left. It has a range from 11 to 15. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 14.3 and 15 respectively. For this post-test, there seems to be an improvement according to the data results. eight-spot of students in the experimental group achieved 15 words correct, compared to the previous test where the highest is 3 words correct. The usage of L1 had further enhanced their understanding of the word and therefore resulting them to perform better in the post-test.The distribution of post-test score by Class 2 (Control Group) is skewed to the left too. It has a range from 7 to 13. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 11.8 and 12 respectively. We could see from the result that there is improvement from the pre-test. Eight of the students had managed to get 12 and 13 correct.From the result above, we could see that the usage of L1 in the learning of vocabulary on low proficiency students do have a differences.4.2 Problems with this studyThere were also problems and limitation that needed to be addressed in regards to this study. First and foremost, are the time constraints. As we progress with the research, we found that the duration of one week interval is not sufficient to test their understanding and memory. Another matter that concerns us is the insufficient representations of subjects therefore, generalization could not be made for all form five low proficiency students. From the questionnaires that received back, we could not guaranty on the class control since we, the researcher are not there our self. Therefore, we could not be positive that the test was done under control situation, meaning, the teacher had made sure that the students had answered all the questions on their own.5.0 CONCLUSIONFrom the independent samples test, p-value was not above 5%, we have found a statistically significant difference between the true population mean post-test result by Experimental Group (Class 1) and Control Group (Class 2) at the significance level. This essence that the Experimental Group (Class 1) has the sufficient evidence to suggest that they should teach the students base on their mother tongue language. However, from the result, by using L2 in vocabulary learning, could also achieve improvement. Therefore, it is hard to conclude which of the method is most effective if we were to compare them. However, the result remains that L1 usage do enhance the vocabulary acquisition. Taken together, the effects of using of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom is encouraging and constructive. L1 should be used as a facilitator in the L2 vocabulary learning especially with students of lower proficiency.

Introduction To Personal Development Plan Personal Development Essay

door To Personal Development Plan Personal Development Essay1. Introduction to Personal Development PlanPersonal Development Plan (PDP) refers to activities that improve egotism-knowledge and identity, reveal natural terminalowments and potential, create human capital and employ competency, enhance quality of life and carry to the realization of dreams and aspirations. The concept is not limited to self-development but includes formal and informal activities for developing others as well. Fin bothy as ad hominem development takes place in the context of institutions, it refers to the methods, programs, tools, techniques, and assessment systems that support human development at the individual direct in giving medications. A soulfulnessal development political platform is a meticulously designed program which handlings psychological tools such as the Personal Effectiveness Scale and created in order to create an understanding between a subscriber and an employee of an org anization on important aras of development memory in mind the carriages in which these needs would be supported. PDPs are usu exclusivelyy developed in companies and it acknowledges the plan discussed between the employer and employee.2. PurposeIn this assignment I want to create Personal Development Plan for myself through which I would exertion to cerebrate on the areas where I need to take shape upon in order to achieve my short, medium and long-term objectives. So to start the process of developing a PDP for myself I would like to start with my introduction and my public life path till date and my future objectives. I work in an Indian government financial organization as an investment consultant at the commercial investment section and my public life objective would be to become the passenger car of clubs zonal branch in next 3-4 years. My aim is to open my own financial invest farm for commercial investors in next 5-6 years.3. ObjectivesShort term To improve my con summateance to conform off better bug output using my unfaltering points.Medium term To enhance my day to day on the job(p) knowledge and to further improve my own ability to perform at a certain level consistently.Long term To overhaul myself with self evaluation of my strong and weak points and build upon the ability to draw out continuous call downth and keep growing.Short term To improve my surgical procedure to get better output using my strong points.Target Period 6 MonthsOrganisational objectives Try to implement the plan and increase the amount of loans to the needed people and organisations.Learnings to suffice the supra requirement To perfect and constantly evaluate my skills.Need to perform to achieve the in a higher place Need to att shoemakers last courses and complete reviews by the elderberry bush focusing people.Support resources I might need to crossroads a peculiar(prenominal) and planned course and which might require somewhat money to be i nvested.What immediate success am I beliefing at To raise my performance at an exceptionally exhaustively level by the end of 1st year with the admirer of learnings and feedback tolerated on the above.Target current to accomplish the above engineer Though I am looking at a time frame of 6 months but would be pushing it to achieve as briefly as possible.Medium term To enhance my day to day working knowledge and to further improve my own ability to perform at a certain level consistently.Target Period 6 monthsObjectives towards achieving organizational and departmental stopping points Learning and enhancing my knowledge on the subject by implementation of own PDP and deli actually the knowledge on day to day performance.Facts that I need o learn Constantly evaluate self performance and find out recent paths of improvement in eitherthing and eitherthing I require to perform.What myself need to do to achieve the above Need to attend some specific courses related to my work plain and try to learn as much as possible from the experienced seniors at work and too get review on my learnings.Kind of resources I would require to support the above expected achievement Might need to join a specific and planned course and which might require some money to be invested.What will be my expected success To admit a undetermined self understanding of what I am doing and what is my expected consequent in near future.Target period to accomplish the above fair game Planned time frame is 6 months but expecting to achieve by end of 4-5 months.Long term To function myself with self evaluation of my strong and weak points and build upon the ability to sustain continuous growth and keep growing.Time period 1 to 4 yearsOrganizational and departmental objectives Implementation of my PDP and enhance my knowledge in financial domain and increase my work experience to be commensurate to r apiece the managerial level of the organization with remarkable remunera tion package within 2-3 years and then to open my own investment company to help small time investors in the state.What would I need to learn and apply to achieve the above To be perfect in my work keeping the process in place and keeping an eye on constant evaluation of self financial and managerial skills, work hard and climb the integrated ladder at the earliest.What will I need to do to achieve the above To attend available courses, Learn from experienced sources. Keep the performance level at an exceptional standard. Create a last(a)work of high and influential people both from inside and outside of organization. Create favorable environment in my organization. Completion of self reviews on a regular and timely basis.What kind of resources and support I would need to support the above expectation Need to be get closer with influential clients and higher management people of the organization which might involve some cost in way of entertaining them and entrust them with s ome help in completing and meeting their demand. To create a network of powerful and influential people for myself.Target period to accomplish the above Planned time frame is 1 4 years but expecting to achieve by end of 3 years.4. Professional SkillsTo be a successful and effective manager some skills are required, which help in performing well in the job and simultaneously grow vertically in the career ladder. I have classified the powers based on various important tasks that I would expect to perform in the organization.Task-based skillThis skill helps a manager to properly plan to execute complex tasks, manage travails and run an efficient operation, it in any case helps in planning, organizing and monitoring performance on a regular basis. It is besides important to be results oriented, to be someone who constantly fathers a sense of urgency and has the perseverance to get things done under tight time pressures. This also help to be able to build resilience to bounce bac k following setbacks and to build the power within to not to get defeated soft and sustain in crunchy bunks.Team based skillThis skill helps a manager in identifying and appointing associate or model leaders to learn and develop leadership skills and qualities. This also helps to foster team spirit and setting up benchmark for performances. This is the most important factor to groom team members. This skill facilitates the bearing of necessary infrastructure supports and integrating tem members.Team member based skillsThis skill specifically helps the manager to identify the talent among team members. This helps the manager to nurture the talent of the members in sync with the organizational goals. This is also important quality to assign and balance team members needs and the most importantly to appreciate the performance of each individual team member as and when necessary.My learnings on positive managerial and leadership skillsIn my earlier employment with the Bajaj Allianz li fe insurance I had a chance demonstrate my managerial skill which worked in a very positive way to get my new job where I am in now. I had to suggest one of our client the best option to invest his money. To work out the best result for him, I did my research on all the available options and studied the pros and cons of all kind of investments options like investment in a market linked insurance fund, directly buying shares or debentures from commonplace market, investment in bonds or con unwaveringed minimum returns on investments like fixed deposits, mutual funds etc and provided him with my suggestion which was a market linked infrastructure bond along with a health insurance. The return received by the client made him give a positive feedback about my commercial keenness and which in turn helped me create maturewill for my company. This also helped me create a long term relationship with the client as well as build my network of people ensuring that I potty always expect him to reach out to me for his future investments and in turn stack use his contacts and influence to help me in future.In Bajaj Allianz, I had also been allotted the responsibility of providing training to newly joined insurance agents and the field and trainee managers who were newly inducted in the company. This was bouncy help and knowledge gain for me to nurture and polish my people management skill as I was responsible to train people with the product knowledge as well as the rules and regulations of the company as well as the companys position and field of operations in the market. This helped me a lot in understanding our target audience and helps them understanding the products and the company in the most efficient way as possible. This role and my performance were very instrumental to judge my leadership and management skill from the positive feedback of the trainees.5. Personal skillsCommunicationCommunication is one of the most important tool which needs to be used very e ffectively when it comes to be a manager or a leader. It post be formal or informal, work related or non work related, layabout be personal or impersonal, creative or factual. Thoughts or messages may be conveyed verbally, in penning or nonverbally, but it is always very important that whichever subject or whatever mode it is conveyed, it is send away to both the owner and the receiver. There are many instances where examples of each communication approach may have been successfully employ and at the selfsame(prenominal) time things have gone wrong just due to the improper communication, be it at work, at home or at the most highest level of society including government communication.WrittenPerson should be able to express himself loud and clear in written communication. Be it writing essays for school or writing an application for a job, creating his bio-data, research thesis, day to day email communications, anywhere and everywhere it is very important to be clear about wha t he or she is trying to convey and to be sure the person at the other end is clear about the message.VerbalAs he word goes that speech out of mouth and arrow out of bow can never be returned back, so it is passing important that we ingest words before any verbal communication is made. Be I formal or informal, person should be well efficient and double clear about conveying thoughts easily and getting engaged with other people. It is also to be kept in mind the mode by which message is conveyed, whether socially among friends or in a gathering or on telephone.Body LanguageAnother most important but highly ignored way of communication is the persons self body language. Person has to have the ability to match is own body language appropriately to what he or she is trying to convey verbally. It is the presence and display of body language which supports the verbal communication heavily in every places, be it at work or at a public gathering or be it in a social function. The eye cont act, gestures and postures, movement, expressions everything is highly counted when it comes to any communication to take place and to produce the coveted outcome.6. Working in teamIts very important and highly noticed by the management of any organization is that how well a manager can work with the fellow team members. Its valued at a very high level, not only in case of work but otherwise in all respect, its important to demands to have good skill to work with others and create a positive environment. The factors which are included in this skill set are as below.Co-operationA person should have the quality to be able to co-operate with all level of people in all kind of emplacements. Its highly important to be able to bring into effect the co-cooperativeness in both way, from the person himself and to get the same from others, which plays a big role in accomplishing any target. Not only work but any group activity like in sports, or group discussion or for that matter preparin g project report, in every cases co-operation in a positive way is very important.Importance of sensitivityIt is this skill which makes a person close and valuable to others. capability to understand the need and offer help and respond is very important, regardless of age and level. A person who can reach out to anyone and display his esthesia to help others to handle situation is one of the best quality one should develop.Quality of negotiationIts important to reach at a logical end and desired outcome, but it does not happen always that you are in win win situation. In day to day activity also a person needs to be flexible lavish to sometime negotiate and compromise to reach at a winning outcome. It is not always that the person or organization you are dealing with very understanding, rather it is highly common that people are reluctant to think the way you are thinking, peculiarly when it comes to government organization and bureaucratic run departments.Leadership qualityThis is purely team oriented. How good a person in conveying his ideas to fellow members and provide them with a feeling that they are important for the success and most importantly motivate and encourage each individual member in all situation to give their best for the overall success is the best quality a leader can wish for.7. Problem solving qualitiesTo have the skill to fork over ideas to solve any kind of problems and bring an end to issues and conflicts are counted as the problem solving skill of a person.Planning and organizingThe ability develop a well thought plan and set the required sequence of systematic process and ideas are part of a successful result in every part of day o day to life. Planning is one thing and organizing the required requirements and executing them as per plan comes under a persons perfect organizing skill. It also comes handy when we think about simply organizing a group, party or get together or for that matter clients demonstration, a proper planni ng and deed through seamless organizing skill is highly important.CreativityGenerating new ideas or reusing existing solutions in a new way is what it matters when it comes to handling a situation or solving a problem. Its not always that we need to come up with new approach or ideas to deal with a situation, but we should be able to use any existing methods in a better way and apply the same in a different approach depending on the kind and disposition of issues.Research and analysisDoing a thorough research on the subject and gathering all sort of required informations plays a vital role to derive at a successful outcome. Not only gathering informations but then analyzing the same in respect of the situation and nature of the issue gives a chance in most of the cases that the result is expected in a positive way.8. egotism learning and improving performanceSelf developmentThis talks about knowing self strength and weakness. It is the most important skill a human being needs to develop to grow and find out his ultimate goal in life. Understanding his own strength and weakness about his personal ability, educational capability and career goal is what makes a person to reach where he wants to. On personal front he or she needs to know which skill is better in him and which is the strong point he can bank upon to pursue his career. On educational front its not only the normal study what is basic, but it is the self evaluation of his progress, constant review and correction towards his targets which is very important. As per the career development, it is very important to be clear and focused towards the ultimate goal in his career. He has to be firm on his decision on what he wants to be and work constantly towards reaching that level.LeaningTo be able to learn from all available situations and apply the same learnings in different contexts as and when required. Its not only books, but learning from day to day experience, from playing a game, working at home, nurturing his hobby, learning can be from anything and every situation a person come across, but what is important to find out whether we apply the same when we face any situation, thats more important. It is the transfer of our learning experience from one situation to another situation is what we need to be good at.Logical abstract thoughtPerson should have to be able to use his reasoning skill and logical thinking towards defending an argument or making a statement. A planning without any logical reasoning in place can never produce positive result. He has to foresee the effects of the planning in advance and that is only possible when he can think logically and apply the proper reasoning behind the decision taken or else it can only produce an adverse result.Self judgmentOne of the most important skill is to be able to judge and question his own performance. Unless a person can reflect on his own performance and find out where he stands as per his expectation and critique his sort falls, he can never revaluate and find out the reason and also the answers for the incorrect result. It is self judgment and revaluation which can work as the corrective measure and can rebuild the situation and change the failure to success.Study skillTo enhance knowledge on subject from finding more and more informations from people well-nigh and relevant sources. Going through different educative materials, gathering informations from journals, available notes, collecting ideas from reference books from library, going through thesis, finding documents available on net there are so many ways of increase your study skill and enhance self-knowledge on the subject which will only make you stronger and firm while talking on the subject or when taking decisions.9. Audit on self assessmentQuestionnaireNow to find where I stand as per my target achievement and planning and evaluate my progress, I need to create a set of questionnaire and mark myself depending on the options of answ ers.I need to find out what is my score on each question there can be four options Answers attach1. Strongly Disagree 12. Tend to disagree 23. Tend to agree 34. Strongly agree 4Communication Reading skillQuestions MarksAm I good enough in reading both study materials and othersAm I good enough in finding information from different sourcesAm I well internal with finding informations from electronic mediaAm I heart-to-heart enough to go through and understand the materials after readingCan I create documents from the above informations when I work on assignments or projectsAm I able to read texts or documents and summarize the gist of what the author had tried to convey __________________ get along Marks Obtained 22 (4+4+4+4+3+3)Communication Writing skillQuestions MarksAm I good enough in writing both study related or normal communicationAm I good enough in expressing my ideas and viewsDo I plan and develop ideas in mind before penning it downHow good am I when it come to gr ammar or spellingAm I capable enough to create documents as per specifications of department or course or the institution standardAm I good enough to create notes from a lecture or group discussions or a founding or any demonstration __________________Total Marks Obtained 21 (4+3+4+4+3+2)Communication VerbalQuestions MarksAm I clear when I engage myself in any verbal communicationAm I good enough in conveying and explaining concepts or ideas to group of peopleAm I good enough in giving a presentation using slides, graphs, charts, diagramsDo I listen carefully to others and try to understand their point of viewsCan I always come to a logical conclusions keeping both my own and others viewsAm I good enough in getting involvement of people when I discuss or convey or present_____________________Total Marks Obtained 18 (4+2+2+4+3+3)Team WorkQuestions MarksAm I a good team memberAm I clear in understanding the target goal and achievement of the teamDo I agree and work towards achievi ng the teams targetAm I sensitive enough about each fellow team members roles in achieving successAm I good enough in monitoring the teams progress and efforts and bring forward challenges faced by the team towards achieving targetGiven a chance would I be able to lead a team_____________________Total Marks Obtained 21 (4+4+4+4+3+2)Problem SolvingQuestions MarksAm I skilled enough to break down a big task in small executable partDo I look for help when I cannot get through the problem rather than wasting timeDo I enjoy the challenge in solving problems and feel capable at the endDo I plan and do a brainstorm session involving the team members as and when necessary before getting startedDo I foresee the possible outcome before I carry the task outAm I flexible and capable enough to look for alternate solutions depending on situations and progress rate_____________________Total Marks Obtained 21 (3+4+4+3+3+4)Self learnings and personal effectivenessQuestions MarksAm I organized at my work and organize my tasks in order to meet target and deadlinesDo I constantly evaluate self progress towards meeting the targetAm I clear about my strength and weakness about planning and meeting targets on timeAm I capable enough to find help and support to complete assigned tasksAm I clear about my future targets about my careerDo I discuss my thoughts with people around_____________________Total Marks Obtained 21 (4+3+4+4+4+2)Grand Total 124 ancestry at my strength and weakness based on the above self assessment auditStrengths From above audit I can see that my strengths are good communication skill, being a good team member, inclination towards solving problem etc I would always try to use these strong points very effectively to manage work and towards achieving my objectives in career.Weaknesses I can see my weaknesses in the fields of creating documents, making presentation, lack of confidence in leading a team and being little introvert. I would definitely work towar ds fixing these issues at the earliest with the help of my strength.10. Result EvaluationThe result is not instead surprising to me as I knew some of my weaknesses. Though I am always a good team member and my communications are good but I am not good in making presentations and creating documents. I also lack in taking quick decisions sometime. But to me, the larger issue seems like my lack of confidence in leading people. I am little introvert and not very vocal which might have led to me being less confident.11. Action PlanDevelopment Area Presentation Skills / Leadership Quality / Decision MakingThe plan is to conduct gibe sessions and practice as much as possible. This would prevent me from any kind fear in me when presenting real-time. After all, presenting a piece of information in a compelling manner is vital to a manager and there is gets all the more necessary to get groomed on the presentation skills. Also I hope these training sessions will let me gain the confidence to present in front of crowd or a business group. I would join some short courses, attend seminars and workshops on effective leadership quality development, though I am always a good team fraud but I need to gain the confidence and quality of leading a team as well. I also would work with some senior level management people who are at decision making authority level to find out more on the skill and try to improve upon.12. ConclusionFrom my self prepared PDP, I am quite confident that I am on the right path and also confident that I can overcome the weaknesses I have in some specific fields with help from internal and external sources and also would try to use my strong points to dominate over my weaknesses. I want t be on the right track and would want to see myself as a role model for people who wants to succeed in financial sector and want to reach to the managerial level and start his own entrepreneurship.

Capital Punishment Essay: Death Penalty Can be Fair, and Fun!

The Death Penalty Can be Fair Every American should want fairness in all(prenominal) areas of public policy - this is especially true with regard to the death penalty, since the stakes are high. notwithstanding the opponents of the death penalty make a most funny argument about fairness. They argue that if the death penalty is not administered moderately, and especially administered with racial fairness, it must be abolished. Nobody would even think of trying to hand this principle in a consistent way. If we find that black neighborhoods get less police protection than vacuous neighborhoods, would we withdraw cops from both black and white neighborhoods? If banks are discriminating against black home buyers in mortgage lending, would we demand they stop all mortgage lending? If we find the IRS discriminating against middle-class and unworthy taxpayers, would we want to abolish the IRS? All right, that does have an attraction, but nobody is seriously suggesting it. What do the opponents of the death penalty say should replace it? Life imprisonment, perhaps? But there is no reason to believe this penalty is more fairly imposed than the death penalty. So are we going to knock the maximum polish up to 10 years? If so, we face the same problem. In addition to the philosophical incoherence of the argument, the empirical reality of racial disparity in capital penalisation is a lot more complicated than simplistic notions about racism run riot in the criminal justice system would lead you to believe. Its authoritative here to understand that the opponents of the death penalty make two different arguments about racial fairness, and they are flatly contradictory. The first thing that we see when we plump looking at statistics is... ...pital defendants are a highly self-selected and hardly unbiased group. So what we have, in the way of hard statistical evidence, fails to support the politically meliorate fantasy of massive discrimination. Is the dea th penalty administered with perfect fairness? No. Is it administered as fairly as other public policies, and especially as fairly as other criminal sanctions? Yes. Public officials should work to make the system even fairer. In particular, better provision could be made for an effective defense in capital cases. And I think that a revival of executive clemency (which has fallen into disuse) in cases where a jury is perceived to have been likewise harsh would be a good thing. But the notion that unfairness, and particularly racial unfairness, requires the end of the death penalty makes neither philosophical nor empirical sense.

Comparing Female Identity in To The Lighthouse, Heat of the Day and Under the Net :: comparison compare contrast essays

Female Identity in Virginia Woolfs, To The Lighthouse, Elizabeth Bowens, Heat of the Day and Iris Murdochs, nether the NetAfter reading Virginia Woolfs, To The Lighthouse, readers are leave with the disturbing reality of the role of a woman during this time period. The characters of Mrs. Ramsay and Lily Briscoe portray these demeaning roles. However, instead of completely giving in to the domination of men, they are starting line the womans movement of resistance in the period of the beginning of World War I. Likewise, in Elizabeth Bowens novel, The Heat of the Day, different egg-producing(prenominal) roles emerge from the characters which help present change in the identity of women and power. The two main female characters, Stella Rodney and Louie Lewis, among others in this World War Two time-framed novel, carry works class jobs. They are starting to change the stereotypical views of women just being housewives and serving their husbands. These characters allow readers to plai nly see that women are capable of and deserve compare on the same level as men. This essentially paves the road to other novels of this time after World War II, such as Iris Murdochs, Under the Net. In this novel women are starting to receive respect for their positions in the world. Men are recognizing their significant value in society. This can be seen by the relationship between the characters of Jake Donaghue and Anna Quentin. Victoria Glendinning further exemplifies the correlation between these 20th Century novels. She is a contemporary fiction writer and biographer of Bowen, Rebecca West, and Trollope, among others. Glendinning states that, She Bowen is a major(ip) writerShe is what happened after Bloomsburythe link that connects Virginia Woolf with Iris Murdoch and Mrielk Spark. These highly regarded and well-respected female authors are showing that women can and do hold power in our society. These authors localise the message to readers that women throughout time have been and still are fully capable of thinking for themselves. They can hold their own ground without having to subject themselves to the restraint of the males, be it in writing novels, raising a family, working in a factory, or pursuing a singing career. Thus, they as all women, deserve to be held in respect for their achievements and deserve equality. In reference to Virginia Woolfs novel, To The Lighthouse she takes the major female characters of Mrs.

Essay --

Section A Plan of InvestigationBetween 1940 and 1944, France was tenanted by the German Army during World War II. The war saw the outcome of coconut palm Chanel as a national socialist spy, due to her openly antisemitic feelings, independence in business and influence as a couture designer (Vaughan 230). For these qualities she was recruited in to the Abwehr, the German military intelligence organization (134). To determine the extent of Coco Chanels involvement in Nazi missions the investigation will examine the succeeding(a) factors personal relationships with high level officials allowing her elite conduct, her collaborations with Nazis in Paris, the nature of her fly the coop for the German military intelligence service and Himmlers S.S. and did all of these factors designate her as a Nazi spy?Section B Summary of yard Personal Relationships with High Level OfficialsCoco Chanel had an intimate relationship with Hans Gunther van Dincklage, a high ranking German official (Vau ghan 141).Dincklage arranged for Chanel to stay at German occupied hotel, The Ritz. Giving her unrestricted access to German Headquarters in France (141).Romantic ties with the Duke of Westminster (Coco Chanel).Next door neighbor and friend of Fern Bedaux, Nazi collaborator ( Vaughan 151).Close relationship with British Ambassador to Spain, Sir Samuel Ho be (Samuel).Chanel was pardoned for her crimes by Winston Churchill (237).Never officially charged as a collaborator due to Churchills interpellation (Coco Chanel).Churchill intervened in both her arrest and exam (Samuel).Spared from a public trial by British Royal family (Walker).Collaborations with Nazis in ParisOne of a few(prenominal) civilians living in German Headquarters (Vaughan 141).Visas for Ch... ...e political and social conflict of Chanels involvement has dissolved as new information has been declassified and readers are exposed to the intelligence once only known to government officials. Chanel agreed to turn with the Nazi party in pursuit of her nephews return to her, not for her own personal beliefs and experience.Section E ConclusionAfter Chanels devil failed missions in sending letters of treaty negotiations she is not accredited with the designate as a spy (Vaughan 199). However she is linked to the Nazi party, for her involvement with the Abwehr (134). Chanel is considered proactive in her strategy to recover her nephew. It can be justly claimed that Chanel, although manifold in Nazi social circles and ambitions, was not a Nazi spy as she sought to bring peace and the safety of her nephew in her actions and proof of her missions were neer recovered. Essay -- Section A Plan of InvestigationBetween 1940 and 1944, France was occupied by the German Army during World War II. The war saw the emergence of Coco Chanel as a Nazi spy, due to her openly anti-Semitic feelings, independence in business and influence as a couture designer (Vaughan 230). For these qualities she wa s recruited in to the Abwehr, the German military intelligence organization (134). To determine the extent of Coco Chanels involvement in Nazi missions the investigation will examine the following factors personal relationships with high level officials allowing her elite conduct, her collaborations with Nazis in Paris, the nature of her work for the German military intelligence service and Himmlers S.S. and did all of these factors designate her as a Nazi spy?Section B Summary of Evidence Personal Relationships with High Level OfficialsCoco Chanel had an intimate relationship with Hans Gunther van Dincklage, a high ranking German official (Vaughan 141).Dincklage arranged for Chanel to stay at German occupied hotel, The Ritz. Giving her unrestricted access to German Headquarters in France (141).Romantic ties with the Duke of Westminster (Coco Chanel).Next door neighbor and friend of Fern Bedaux, Nazi collaborator ( Vaughan 151).Close relationship with British Ambassador to Spain, S ir Samuel Hoare (Samuel).Chanel was pardoned for her crimes by Winston Churchill (237).Never formally charged as a collaborator due to Churchills intervention (Coco Chanel).Churchill intervened in both her arrest and trial (Samuel).Spared from a public trial by British Royal family (Walker).Collaborations with Nazis in ParisOne of few civilians living in German Headquarters (Vaughan 141).Visas for Ch... ...e political and social conflict of Chanels involvement has dissolved as new information has been declassified and readers are exposed to the intelligence once only known to government officials. Chanel agreed to work with the Nazi party in pursuit of her nephews return to her, not for her own personal beliefs and experience.Section E ConclusionAfter Chanels two failed missions in sending letters of treaty negotiations she is not accredited with the label as a spy (Vaughan 199). However she is linked to the Nazi party, for her involvement with the Abwehr (134). Chanel is considere d proactive in her strategy to recover her nephew. It can be justly claimed that Chanel, although involved in Nazi social circles and ambitions, was not a Nazi spy as she sought to bring peace and the safety of her nephew in her actions and proof of her missions were never recovered.

Crash Course :: Essays Papers

Crash CourseEver since I was young, I have had a fascination with bikes and motorcycles. I enjoyed reading and learning about them. As an adolescent riding my bike was a sort of nirvana for me. Interestingly enough, I was never very skilled at the art of bicycle riding. True, I did find it interesting and exciting, among other things, but I just wasnt any good at it. I would be willing to venture that the number of accidents I had on my bike would rival the totals of some race riders, although I was never that daring. Consequently, I walked away (most of the time) from those accidents with quite a few scars and just as some stories.My first accident happened not long after my maiden voyage. In fact it happened on my maiden voyage. I lived in a small, Leave it to high-hat cymbal type town (with more dirt and more hoodlums), all the kids on the street were skilled bike riders, and riding bikes was the most frequent use of playtime. At nine or ten socio-economic classs old, I was suf fering from distinct feelings of inferiority because there were kindergartners on my block who could ride their bikes when I hadnt yet learned. To this twenty-four hour period I havent been able to decide what kept me from learning for so long. Being the only kid on the block who has to ride with training wheels is not a distinction most ten-year-olds would want to call their own. And I was no different. I hated feeling like a baby.In the summer of my tenth year I decided that I would put an end to this feeling of inferiority once and for all. I had it all planned out. While I was spending a week at my grandparents house, I would teach myself to ride a two-wheeler. I would go away a chump and come back a sensation the ultimate Rags to Riches story, at least that is what it would be to my ten-year-old mind.I got to work on my mission as soon as I arrived. I went to my grandparents discombobulate behind their house and opened it, stepping into the sun-baked shed and smelling the fa miliar warm musty odor that I had expected. Then I saw it the old grunter finish sparkling where some rays of sunshine snuck in the door to help me find it. It was old, most likely older than I was.

Technology Improves Education :: Educating Technological Papers

Technology Improves Education Many believe a revolution is taking place in education in the modality lot learn and they way instruction is given. The education community has been hearing of reforms and revolutions for the past few decades, but most of them have been nonexistent or without any long merit or real value. Some believe the method of an instructor lecturing while students listen and absorb is really the only viable way to teach or learn. About two decades ago, when personal computers started to become affordable, many thought that computers would revolutionize education, that computer-based teaching and learning would become the savior of education and the resultant to falling test scores. This has never really happened. Over the past two decades, many teachers have successfully prepared students, just about with computers in the classroom and whatsoever without. Teachers could avoid computers, either because they chose not to learn how to use them or because they ha d none in their classroom or school to use. Teachers entering the profession have not been required to understand computational engine room in order to graduate from college. The net has been in existence for almost two decades and began to extend into schools about 15 years ago, first into universities and then into K-12. Did the internet revolutionize education? Not exactly, it did provide an opportunity to expand learning options for teachers and students who were fortunate enough to have internet access, a few computers, and appropriate guidance on usage. Often this took place in only one classroom and only one school in spite of appearance a system and did not become systemic throughout the school. There are many factors affecting this slow implementation of computing and communications technology in schools, including administrations with no knowledge of its value or no willingness to realign school budgets to include computational technology insufficient in service profess ions increase programs for teachers a lack of specific curriculum benefits or of resources for teachers to use in their courses deficient preservice preparation of teachers in technology or computation. Why do some of us believe there is now a revolution taking place that cannot be ignored by educators or administrators? In November 1993, the National nub for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) released Mosaic, the first World Wide Web browser for all three computing platforms (UNIX, PC, and Macintosh). The internet had become the World Wide Web, and now Mosaic allowed anyone who knew the basics about using a computer and a mouse to go out onto the Web and easily and quickly locate multimedia information.

Signifigance Of Disease And Plauge In Hamlet :: essays research papers

In Hamlet by William Shakespe are, poison and disease both plague the state of Denmark. Relations amongst characters are corrupt, the mint are disturbed and people are killed constantly. What the characters do not know is that this corrupt reign of power will end in tragedy.     Corrupt minds in Hamlet are provided by Prince Hamlet himself. He portrays an antic disposition in order to gain the advantage inside the castle. straightway people in the castle believe that Hamlet is crazy or mad and thinks nothing more of it. Really, Hamlet is just acting this way so that he can spy on other people in the castle. By doing this he finds out who is after him and the identity of the murderer of his father. Polonious is one of the people spying on Hamlet to find the source of his madness and says "That hes mad, tis true tis pity, And pity tis tis true" 2.2.97-98. Hamlet never stops his act and gets his job done.     During Hamlets appear for r regularge, he also sparks the beginning of Ophelias demise. This happens because to insure no one knows that Hamlet is acting as if he is crazy, he only tells his most rely friend Horaito. Ophelia does not know he is only acting for the possible spies, and takes everything Hamlet says seriously. Ophelia says I was the more deceivedIII.i.118. After a while of this, including Hamlet yell at her, the death of her father Polonious by the hands of Hamlet, Ophelia goes insane. This is very noticeable because she is constantly singing and her appearance is also more ragged and dirty. She does not even notice her own brother, Laertes, when he returns from school. Shortly after this, Ophelia is found, drown in the brook. Hamlet triggers Ophelias insanity that then leads to her death.     While all of these tragic happenings are occurring relationships are also being torn apart. Hamlets relations with his mother Gertrude are severed. Hamlet believes his mother is disg usting for marrying his fathers brother, two months after his fathers death. Rightfully so because traditionally then when people were married their families became considered blood related. So this action by his mother was thought to be incestuous and Hamlet did not agree with it at all. Hamlets relationship with Laertes was also destroyed. During an altercation with his mother Hamlet heard a noise behind a tapestry hanging on the wall.

The current problems with the accounting methods of Rodney Street Essay

The current problems with the accounting methods of Rodney Street Private ClinicAnalysis- ScenariosPrivate ClinicRodney Street Clinic is a private clinic in which doctors seepatients privately and for medical reports following injuries.Currently all fee notes for patients and solicitors be sent manuallyand are not registered on a computer system.Problems with the accounting methods are that the accounts arehand-written, so not everybody may be competent to read and understandwriting, oddly during holidays and periods of sickness of theusual staff as the hand writing is not their own. Another problem isthat all fee notes are computer memoryd in a file cabinet. Due to this, feenotes are occasionally misfiled so it is time consuming for the staffto find them, and if a further copy is required, it has to be written expose by hand again, rather than simply being photocopied. The finalproblem is that the system is not efficient, as documents have to becontinually written up which is time consuming. What is required is a computerised database, which is unproblematic andefficient to use in order to control the accounts of the practice. Ideally it should also be able to flag up accounts, which are overdue,instead of the current system of having to do it by hand, which istime consuming and can be inefficient. The system should also be ableto keep the details of fee notes sent on the database, so that if arepeat bill needs to be sent, it does not have to be typed disclose oncemore.Video TapesMega Movie Video Store is a video store, which both rents push through videosand also now sells them too. Presently workers at the video store havefound it difficult to remember which videos are in stock and whereabout they are located in the shop.Problems with their organization is that they forget which videos arein stock and also they have no data to refer to in order to tell themthis. A further problem is that they also forget where videos arelocated in the shop and they again have no data to refer to in orderto tell them this and they rely purely on memory.What they would homogeneous is a computerized database, which gives printoutsthat help them. This database would sort the files into alphabeticorder and would give them the total number of videos in stock. Thisdatabase would also tell them what format the item... ...notes sent on the database, so that if a repeat bill needs to be sent, it does not have to be typed out once more.System requirements for chosen scenarioIn order to cover the problems I am going to design a computerizedsystem using such software programmes as Microsoft Access, MicrosoftExcel and Microsoft Word. This is rather than using a manual systemwhich uses filing cabinets. I will insert all data off writtendocuments into computer database and then(prenominal) store them so that they are in stock(predicate) to view at any time and as many copies as necessary may beprinted.I will use a subject in my computerized database th at is sufficiently bigenough and clear enough for the user to read. This is better thanhaving a manual system where handwriting is involved because there isthen little to no chance that somebody may not be able to read thetext properly. This system should be both efficient and simple to use and it shouldbe able to note on the database and let the user know if accounts areoverdue and if fee notes need to be sent. Finally I will create a mailmerge so that letters do not have to be continuously written or typedout time and time again.

The current problems with the accounting methods of Rodney Street Essay

The current problems with the accounting methods of Rodney Street Private ClinicAnalysis- ScenariosPrivate ClinicRodney Street Clinic is a private clinic in which doctors seepatients in private and for medical reports following injuries.Currently wholly fee nones for patients and solicitors ar sent manuallyand are non registered on a computer administration.Problems with the accounting methods are that the accounts arehand-written, so not everybody may be able to read and understandtheme, particularly during holidays and periods of sickness of theusual staff as the hand writing is not their own. Another problem isthat all fee notes are stored in a filing cabinet. Due to this, feenotes are occasionally misfiled so it is succession consuming for the staffto find them, and if a further copy is required, it has to be writtenout by hand again, rather than simply being photocopied. The utmostproblem is that the system is not efficient, as documents have to becontinually written up w hich is time consuming. What is required is a computerised database, which is simple andefficient to recitation in order to control the accounts of the practice. Ideally it should also be able to flag up accounts, which are overdue,instead of the current system of having to do it by hand, which istime consuming and can be inefficient. The system should also be ableto keep the details of fee notes sent on the database, so that if arepeat bill needs to be sent, it does not have to be typed out oncemore.Video TapesMega Movie Video Store is a video store, which both rents out videosand also now sells them too. Presently workers at the video store havefound it difficult to remember which videos are in stock and whereabout they are located in the shop.Problems with their organization is that they forget which videos arein stock and also they have no data to bushel to in order to tell themthis. A further problem is that they also forget where videos arelocated in the shop and they again have no data to refer to in orderto tell them this and they rely purely on memory.What they would like is a computerized database, which bowl overs printoutsthat help them. This database would sort the files into alphabeticorder and would give them the total number of videos in stock. Thisdatabase would also tell them what format the item... ...notes sent on the database, so that if a repeat bill needs to be sent, it does not have to be typed out once more.System requirements for chosen scenarioIn order to overcome the problems I am going to design a computerizedsystem using such software programmes as Microsoft Access, MicrosoftExcel and Microsoft Word. This is rather than using a manual systemwhich uses filing cabinets. I will insert all data off writtendocuments into computer database and then store them so that they areavailable to view at any time and as many another(prenominal) copies as necessary may beprinted.I will use a font in my computerized database that is suffici ently big teeming and clear enough for the user to read. This is better thanhaving a manual system where handwriting is involved because there isthen little to no chance that somebody may not be able to read thetext properly. This system should be both efficient and simple to use and it shouldbe able to note on the database and allow the user know if accounts areoverdue and if fee notes need to be sent. Finally I will create a mailmerge so that letters do not have to be continuously written or typedout time and time again.