Review theory, current trends and development of the Nhs in light of Literature

Theory, current trends and development of the Nhs in light of sustainable business. Ie stakeholder engagement waiting th - Literature review ExampleGleeds (2010) reported that as first phase of developing sustainable business models, NHS identified potential source of carbon emission. NHS in UK found 40% raise in carbon emission its different workal activities ranging from travel, building operations and procurement in healthcare network. In such(prenominal) context, UK government had taken stringent measures to control activities of healthcare organizations to reduce carbon emission in operation. The UK government also wanted the emergence of an organization or association which can set examples for other players in terms of reduction of carbon footprint in the value chain. NHS found it the ideal situation to contract the sustainable business model movement and during 2008, National Health Service launched Improving Health campaign and Saving Carbon campaign. As part of the progra m, NHS staff, NHS itself and partners got the luck to consult other healthcare organizations when it comes to reduce carbon footprint in operation (Gleeds, 2010). ... In the workplace, NHS staff is world encouraged to decrease use of elicit fed vehicles and use of papers and perform other green habits. Procurement - more than 50% of annual NHS carbon footprints (more than 10 million tonnes) are being produced through logistics and transports of goods. In such context, NHS Purchasing and Supply Agency (PASA) established partnership with Department of Health (DH) and Sustainable Development Commission (SDC) in pose implement low carbon solutions in the procurement process. NHS directed monthly transportation limit for fuel fed vehicles. As result of such strategical initiatives, NHS has been able to save ?40 million/year by reducing carbon emission throughout the supply chain by 10%. xerox Reduction- NHS incurred additional cost of ?71.2 million in 2007-2008 due to waste generat ed from its operation. In such context, NHS SDU and DH practices are being moderated simultaneously to reduce the amount of waste generated from operation by 40% (Gleeds, 2010). Significant amount of carbon based pollution (by CO2 and CO) caused from untreated waste (Begg, Van der Woerd and Levy, 2005 Boiral, 2006). Therefore, NHS took step for reducing waste in operation that can alternatively reduce overall carbon emission. Smith and Ward (2007), Sterling (2001) and Stern (2007) supported the fact that organizations can deploy sustainable business models based on carbon reduction formulae by integrating all the above mentioned activities such as Energy & Carbon Management, Procurement of sources, reducing waste and ensuring minimal carbon emission at transport. In the next section, the study will discuss two case studies regarding sustainable

Ontological Argument criticism by Kant Critique of Pure Reason Essay

Ontological Argument criticism by Kant Critique of Pure Reason - Essay sampleKant vehemently reaffirmed the intelligibility of the world as demonstrated by common sense and science. He has had immense influence in the world of philosophy and continues to be a great source of inspiration for all. Despite rejecting some of his core ideas, the subsequent generation that lived under German idealism has widely adopted his work. His prime remonstrance was that outlastence is not a asseverate. The rear end of the ontological argument was the existence of a God that is greater than a God who does not exist. Thus, the very foundation was baffling and questionable. Kant advocated that existence could not possess or lack properties and, therefore, it is not a predicate. His criticism primitively targeted Descartes and Leibniz. Kant drew a clear line of banknote between analytic and synthetic judgments. Analytic judgment denotes a predicate that conveys a point that is already a part of t he concept, and, therefore, it constitutes a tautology. On the another(prenominal) hand, in a synthetic judgment, the predicate implies a point not already contained in the concept, and, therefore, it expresses new knowledge.... The judgments regarding nonexistence nullify both the subject and the predicate therefore, this does not give rise to a contradiction. Based on these arguments, Kant refuted the notion of a necessary being. In addition, he contends that if existence is considered as a fundamental component of the definition of something, then affirming that it exists constitutes as tautology. Therefore, while making the analytic judgment that existence is a characteristic of God, we are reiterating that God exists. Thus, no synthetic judgment is made to annex novel information with regard to existence to the theoretical definition of God. Moving on, he criticizes the concept of being by pointing stunned that it is not a real predicate thereby, it cannot be used to define a concept related to something. In plain terms, saying that something exists does not usher anything in relation to the concept instead, it denotes the existence of an object that matches with the concept. To say that objects of sense exist does not imply an extra property related to the concept instead, it is to be discovered outside the thought and we have an experiential awareness of it in space and time (Kant 89). A thing that actually exists does not possess properties which could be predicated therefore, it cannot be distinguished from the concept of it. The distinguishing factor is then experience concerning that something, for instance its shape, site, time. To say that something exists requires spatial-temporal experience of that thing in order to know that there exist objects that correspond to that concept. Hence, a demonstration concerning the existence of something like God, which involves predicating a

Emerging Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Emerging Markets - Essay ExampleWhile developing economies are usually flooded with emerging markets, the concept is not novel to developed economies. It is these emerging markets, which when successful in the future, become economic giants in the industry (Garten, 1997). The emerging markets need to consider a lot of geographical and economic concerns before setting in a foreign country. They may be small enterprises or large projects. This paper seeks to measure out the industry of emerging markets in the Latin America, particularly in Mexico, and see how successful it has been over the years. It would also analyze how these emerging markets have affected the thrift of Mexico and all related economies. Emerging markets have had positive impacts and some negative setbacks and this paper would state both sides of the picture. Latin America is a developing farming striving to make its make its mark in todays world and it is the emerging markets in and of Latin America that will on e day, dish it in doing so.Mexico is one large country that comes under the flag of Latin America.Latin America is an area of approximately 21 million kilometers square, which is 14.1% of the Earths region surface. It holds a macrocosm of 570 million and there is a lot of diversity of cultures prevalent in the area. Spanish, Portuguese and French are the three most usually used languages in Latin America. Its GDP is 4.26 trillion United States dollars and the economy is expanding at a relatively decent rate of 4 percent per annum.The population of Mexico is one of the most diverse in the world. It comprises of different ethnic groups, races, creeds and ancestries. The Europeans or the Whites form the largest community of Mexico contributing to over 80 percent of its population. Other than that, Mexico is home base to the Mestizos, Amerindians and Mulattos with Blacks, Asians and Zambos

Professional Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Professional Portfolio - Essay ExampleLikewise, I have knowing assessment and evaluation tools such as questionnaires, interview, and survey. Aside from actual shelter Educator experience, I in any case have a wide range of clinical nursing experiences, which have provided me with more depth and insights regarding my experience of Nursing as a profession, as an art, and as a science. I am currently functional on my MS in Nursing Education at the ------University. I have earned my BS Nursing at ----University. I have also gained Post Graduate Certification for Public Health. In addition, I have attended different seminar-workshops to hone my nursing skills and knowledge. I have attached a copy of my CV, which shows my work experiences, educational background, and relevant personal information. I look forward to hearing from you. Respectfully yours, Curriculum Vitae Name Address Telephone e-mail address Education 20to Present Master OF Science in Nursing Education ---------- Univ ersity Units Earned ( No of Units ) schooling Yr B.S. Nursing -------- University School Yr Certificate of Post Graduate Training in Public Health ------- University Certifications Basic cardiac Life Support Certification Advance Cardiac Life Support Certification IV Certification Work Experiences Year Public Health Nursing supervisor --------Health Department Conducts researches and studies regarding health issues of the Community Coordinates with the former(a) government agencies regarding the health issues of the community Spearheads awareness campaigns Heads the Committee involved in dissemination of information, education, and training of nurses Led fund raising activities Year Senior psychiatrical Nurse Psychiatric Hospital Middle East Conducts training seminars for the Staff Plots the schedule of the Staff nurses Coordinates with the management regarding activities and concerns relevant to the Ward Monitors and provides primary care for various psychiatric cases like schiz ophrenia, depression, manic-depressive psychosis, ETOH withdrawal, and other similar cases Assists in procedures such as EEG, electroconvulsive therapy and other similar therapies Participates in occupational theraphy Year Associate prof II Institute of Health and Sciences -------- University Has Taught the following Courses------- Serves as Thesis Adviser Member of the Committee handling the evaluation of the students Year Assistant Head Nurse University Hospital and Medical Center New York City Coordinates with Sectors of the Hospital regarding the flow of patients, the number of available beds, the need for CNAs and other similar concerns Year Nursing Supervisor Nursing Home and Rehabilitation Center Plans the activities of the patients Conducts training of nurses Involves in the selection of hiring process of nursing staff Conducts seminars, training, and informal learning activities for the nurses Membership New York postulate Nurses Association Sigma Theta Tau International H onor Society of Nursing Recognition Model Nurse of the Year Seminar- Workshops Attended Performance Appraisal arranging Better article of faith Through Effective Speech Communication Empowering Preceptorship Reproductive Health Care Urban Primary Health Care Health Care Delivery System in the Urban Setting Researches 1.Beliefs and Practices on Hypertension of Selected Residents of------- 2. The

Managing Diversity and Equal Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing Diversity and Equal Opportunity - Essay ExampleThe female literacy and economic empowerment is crucial non only for development but also for the children in the country. It is emphasized in the millennium development goals that child health and literacy levels in a nation army the quality of future population. Thus, at this epoch, management diversity with the provision of equal opportunity is a must to stimulate the economic growth of a country. The shake Discrimination incite 1975 The parliament of United Kingdom had passed another grammatical gender related act in 1975. The name of this Act was Sex Discrimination Act. This Act attempted to eradicate the discriminations on the grounds of sex and marriage in United Kingdom. The Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) was established under the regime of this Act in U.K. The major concern of this Act was to create equal opportunities for some(prenominal) men and women in the workplaces. It was believed by the government of U.K., that progress of the nation would be just unrealistic without the support of gender unbiased features in the economy (NCJRS, 1979). Equal pay up Act 1970 The parliament of United Kingdom (U.K.) in 1970 had established the Equal Pay Act that was related to gender issues in the economy. This Act primarily concentrated in reducing the unequal treatments between genders regarding factors like pay and employment opportunities. The Act was incorporated in the country after five years in 1975. The Act considered the factors like pensions, top wages, and leaves which are allotted equally to both the gender in the workplaces. However, the employers protecting their pay rights under the norms of this Act were supposed to consider that the work done by a competitor (whose salary the employers claims) should be homogeneous to the work executed by the employer. This Act made it sure that the salaries of two employees are same when the work load is alike. Differentials in pay would be g ender neutral (EEOC, 2013). Case Studies Dr Bhal is an African black woman who lived in United Kingdom since she was 9 years old. This was the phase of time when the government of U.K. was demanding for equal opportunities for both men and women the country. So as a representative of the Commerce and Industry group in 1990, Dr Bhal was elected as one of the members of Council of Law edict in U.K. In 1993, she became the chairman of the EOC (Bailii, 2006). Dr Bhal had adopted active measures to improve the condition of women in U.K. Her work was appreciated by many officials in the U.K.s government body. However, traces of her assertion and rude behaviour were reported in 1998. Jean Johnson the director of the Human Resources claimed that Dr Bhal spoke to him very rudely over official calls (Xperthr, n.d.). The Director of Corporate perplexity also commented that Dr Bhals attitude in the business affairs were not good at all. It was very difficult to comment on the actual reason f or such claims it could take place due to gender discriminations or could also occur because Dr Bhal became egotistical in her attitude. Ultimately the Law Society made Dr Bhal resign on such grounds. Dr Bhal claimed that this was done because the Law Society was gender biased in U.K. and filed a case against the organization in this ground. Dr Bhals strong comments to the media claimed that the Law Society had inherent fossilised bureaucracy and was full of champagne-sipping racists. On one hand, the staffs claimed that Kamlesh Bhals attitude was shrewd and unprofessional. On the other hand, Dr Bhal has claimed that alpha

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article Critique - Essay ExampleIt is difficult to argue with the position Adler getting planes. Todays media reports ar filled with stories of tiddlerren as twain victims and authors of serious crimes. Both scenarios indicate that children are exposed to conduct that entirely adult in nature, with the result that the innocence of childhood is lost.Adler writes of the measures that parents and adults in general take to protect children from crime. These measures involve a stream of hyper-vigilance . (Adler) Fear of crimes against children are unrealistic given that there are diseases that claim the lives of children far more frequently than crimes. (Adler) This is by chance the only point that Adler makes that invokes dissension. Fear of crime against children can never be underestimated. Children are vulnerable to crime and require adult protection and supervision. When a child is given free licence to traverse on his or her own, they are always potential victims.However, Adle r is right in his observation that children have become hostages and engrossed in their homes. There are parents who attach a leash to their children at the mall to guard against abductions. (Adler) Todays adults have taken protection to the extreme. Children are cautioned to the point of exhaustion against the harm that can befall them. In one case, Adler notes that one family went beyond merely setting alarms in the cars and in their home. They have even fixed alarm systems on members of the family. (Adler) These kinds of measures cause undue fear and alarm for children and are entirely unnecessary. The best approach to guarding against the risk of harm is to ensure that scurvy children are never left without adult supervision. There is no logical reason for raising the alarm with small children. Adult responsibility toward small children includes protect them from

Approaches in Lifelong Learning Essay Example for Free

Approaches in Lifelong Learning EssayThe need of the learners was identified as having to choose investigators who could adopt a methodical approach, which is essential whilst carrying out equipment failure investigations.This was used as my session aim This learning session entrust teach you a methodical approach of investigating equipment failure. When identifying the need for training I first assessed what the learners would have to have learnt by the end of the learning session. This was identified as the need to know what equipment would be used and how to carryout an investigation in easily managed phases. I then used this as my objective By the end of this lesson you will have been introduced to the contents of the investigator pack and be able to identify the 3 phases of an equipment failure investigation. (1. 2) The learners were identified as personnel with some preceding learning within the subject matter. The instructional, rather than practical approach to delive ring the session was selected as the subject matter was mainly theoretical (the session would later be followed by a practical session). The primary method of delivery would be verbal, given by the teacher.

Organizational Structure and Culture Essay Example for Free

organisational Structure and grow EssayAuthority structure within fundamental laws is valuable for the oversight of delegated processes and expected outcomes. Without structure, chaos would impede support, communication theory, and vision development. organizational designs vary according to the need of the organization to operate efficiently, to achieve goals, and to support the associates within the organization. The organizational structure style design helps lead the organization in successful endeavors (Sullivan Decker, 2009).Organizational History The history of an organization contributes to the design of the formal organizational structure.The medical center has a tumultuous history. A new upstart building was constructed in 2000 to replace an older structure. The local physicians had no input into the decision or design of the new facility. The organizational structure during that time was a strict parallel design. The physicians reported to the forefront medica l military officer and the Board of Trustees. The physicians jointly decided not to support the new local hospital the organization began to collapse. The medical center eventually fell into bankruptcy because of the lack of physician support, poor financial management, and unscrupulous use of organizational monies.The court system contain a reconstruction organization in an attempt to rebuild the local hospital. During the time of bankruptcy the parallel organizational structure remained in place, but with slight authority of the medical governance branch. The main focus of the organizational structure was financial survival of the organization. An immediate change was needed for the improvement of the dangerously depression morale of the health c be associates The once country owned, bankrupted not-for-profit-hospital was bought and sold twice before stabilization began to be a possibility.A corporation purchased the hospital and changed it to a for-profit organization. There was very little resistance to the change because the organization had been surviving in chaos. According to Kurt Lewins three stage theory of change, the first variety, the unfreezing phase, is an important phase of change. Change is getting ready to happen during this phase. The health care associates of the medical center had been getting ready for change for a few years. The unfreezing phase requires the development of motivation.Motivation was the chance to prosper in a successful business venture while delivering quality care to the community (Kurt Lewin, 2012). Generational Culture The generational culture of the organization had a positive effect on the change. There was a common goal developed, the success of the organization. The generational similarities outnumber the generational differences. According Anick (2008), The top reason for happiness in the workplace is the sense of feeling valued (Table 2. Elements on which members of each generation are mostly similar).The t raditional, pamper boomers, generation X, and generation Y became involved in the decision making as the new organization structure formed. They shared ideas and offered suggestions for patient of care improvement. snug leaders began to emerge. During the refreezing phase, the stabilization became the norm. The differences in the generational culture became more apparent. More processes, greater accountability, and new required use of technology caused a feeling of less(prenominal) worth for the older generation of health care providers. The younger nurses seemed to adapt more quickly to new systems and techniques.Older nurses began to believe they were less important to the process. The light leader roles changed. A new information system was installed and education was initiated. This led to more attention on the differences of the generational cultures. Much of the required education was terminate on the computer. E-mail is essential for communication within the organization . Some of the traditional generation began to feel left behind. At the end of the first year, many of the health care providers who had survived the previous chaos succumbed to the new advancements and left the organization.Current Organizational Design The current organizational structure of the medical center is a intercellular substance design. The upper administration consists of a chief breast feeding officer, chief financial officer, and an assistant administrator. This group reports setly to the chief executive officer. The chief executive officer reports to the Board of Trustees. The medical center consists of two distinct campuses, four on-site clinics, and one clinic located off campus. The upper administration is responsible for the organization.The matrix esign is mixed and requires good interpersonal skills for dual managers. Each nursing unit has a nurse manager. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer regarding any patient care issues. The nurse mana gers of the behavioral health campus also report to the behavioral health program director for organizational issues. The physicians are under the organizational comprehensive for operational regulations but report to the chief medical officer regarding medical patient care. The resource manager has a dual account line to the chief nursing officer and the chief financial officer.The matrix requires frequent communication among the dual authorities. Non-management views the frequent meetings as meetings about meetings (Sullivan Decker, 2009) Formal lines of reporting are evident within the organization. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer. Managers of departments involving financial business of the hospital report to the chief financial officer. Ancillary and support go report to the assistant administrator. The compliance officer, the pharmacy director and the behavioral health program director report directly to the chief executive officer.The formal lines o f reporting are used for recognition of associates, disciplinary offenses, and arbitration of challenges between departments. Patient-Centered Care Environment The organization is creating an environment for client-centered care by the development of a nursing leadership council consisting of direct care providers. The council membership includes seven registered nurses from nursing units with day and night shift representation. The nursing council interviews associates and patients, observes processes, and reports findings to the council.Changes in nursing processes are approved finished the nursing council with final approval by the chief nursing officer. The council members were selected using predetermined criteria. The informal leaders of individual departments were chosen for their job performances and their proven leadership skills. The shared governance gives ownership of patient care to the frontline caregivers (Hess, 2004). Organizational Communication Various communicat ion methods are used within the organization. Formal, time sensitive communications are delivered face-to-face or by technology.E-mail and web conferencing are the most frequent used methods for upper administration. Both methods allow quick responses between the communicators. Upper-level management processes the information and decides the best delivery method to the next lower-level management, depending on the subject matter and the expected time frames. Middle management associates imitate leadership meetings every two weeks. Management communicates organizational status through these meetings. Plans for future projects are discussed during the leadership meetings. Middle management has e-mail accounts and receives electronic communications on changes.Middle management holds departmental meetings at least monthly to distribute information to the direct care providers. Upper-level management holds open meetings for the direct care providers each quarter. The meetings focus on c urrent organizational trends and plans. Direct care providers ask questions and make suggestions for improvement during the open meetings. Communication boards are lay in strategic areas through the work areas. Information is placed on the communication boards and updated weekly. Questions frequently come from the information from the boards.Conclusion The organizational structure stub be descriptive of the culture of the organization. A ridged authoritarian organizational structure defines an organization that does not allow the frontline workers to participate in decisions that affect the organization. The matrix organizational design requires open communication between the leaders of the organization. Added shared governance from the frontline creates more awareness is put on the quality and delivery of the product. Organizational structures vary and are representative of the leadership within.

Defense Attorneys Essay Example for Free

Defense Attorneys EssayDiscuss the role of defense policeyers in the courtroom workgroup. A defense attorney is a lawyer who provides legal representation for a person who has been arrested and charged for breaking the law or when an individual been served with a lawsuit. For example, when another individual filing the lawsuit goes after money for damages or justifiable relief of some sort. A very small portion of lawyers actually discuss that they work as criminal defense attorneys. This is because of the negative labeling assigned to the profession by American kind Forces. However defense attorneys are very important in the criminal justice system. They work to comfort the innocent from being falsely convicted, and they work to protect the constitutional rights of all defendants. When a criminal defendant cannot afford to pay for the services of a private legal attorney, the United States Supreme Court requires that a defense attorney be appointed to represent the defendant. This expense is covered by taxpayers. There are three major categories of defense attorneys to help assistance criminal defendants * Private attorneys usually referred to as retained counsel.

Vocabulary Learning On Low Proficiency Learners English Language Essay

Vocabulary Learning On Low Proficiency Learners side of meat Language EssayIn many investigate on hour phrase schoolroom, the role and influences of mother tongue or source speech (L1) on second phraseology (L2) cultivation has always been a hotly debated issue. There baffle always been contradicting views ab out(a) whether or not to routine L1 of the students in the second language classroom. During the past 30 years, in the late seventies to early eighties, the idea of using mother tongue in language classroom was not a favored one. Majority of the language classroom ingestiond solely L2 while the use of L1 is avoided totally (Liu, 2008). In fact, many supported the use of L2 just now so as to provide full exposure to that language. The use of L1 in the language classroom is deemed as depriving the learners stimulant drug in L2 (Ellis, 1984).Despite the many arguments from twain proponents and opponents of the use of L1 in the L2 language classroom, linguistic resear chers failed to provide a conclusion for this issue and could not reach a common ground on whether the use of L1 is considered as a facilitator or a barrier in the achievement of second language. concord to democracy (2003), L2 should be fully utilized as of decennary as possible in a foreign language classroom (in this context, side of meat). Though L2 should be the core language used in classroom steering and learning, the use of L1 should not be abandoned as it has a minute but remarkable role in language learning (Nation, 2003).Apart from Nation (2003), there ar many linguists and researchers in the field of second language acquisition who agreed that L1 should be utilized in the language classroom in particular with students who be not highly proficient in the target language (Swain Lapkin, 2000 Tang, 2002 Mattioli 2004). This suggests that L1 plays an primary(prenominal) role in the language classroom especially for the emit advance learners. However, not many em pirical studies have been conducted to examine the soundness of using L1 as a tool for low development learners in L2 classroom (Bouangeune, 2009). Therefore, this idea sympathizeks to find evidence to support the theory that L1 can facilitate the learning of L2 in the classroom learning. Classroom learning for languages encompasses four language skills, for example, tuition inclusion, writing, and verbiage learning. As a head start, this paper will examine the use of L1 in L2 phraseology learning.1.2 Research ObjectivesLiu (2008) did a rather straightforward and ecumenical research on the set up of L1 use on L2 vocabulary learning. In his assume, he managed to prove that bilingual vocabulary instruct method is actually fitted for Chinese EFL learners (Liu, 2008). Inspired by his research, this study aims to address the problem of low progression learners in Malaysian secondary government school.This study will echo the research done by Liu (2008) to investigate the rol e of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning. Also, this study in extended to identify whether L1 is a facilitator or a barrier to the L2 vocabulary learning in Malaysian context and how L1 facilitates the language learning. The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of L1 use in L2 vocabulary learning on low technique L2 learners.1.3 Research QuestionsBased on the objective, this study seeks to measure how L1 facilitates the low proficiency L2 learners to realize the gradeifications of new lecture. This study aims to answer the following questionsWhat are the effects of using L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom?To what extend does the use of L1 increase the performances of L2 vocabulary learning.From here, we propose the following hypothesesThere are significant differences between the performances of students with different language approach in the vocabulary learning.The bilingual approach (incorporating L1 in L2 classroom learning) is suitable to low proficiency L2 l earners.1.4 Purpose of the contemplateThis study sets to focus on L2 vocabulary learning due to the reason that acquisition of vocabulary has a fundamental role in learning a second language (Skmen, 1997). In other spoken dialogue, vocabulary learning is inter-related to other language skills. A number of studies claimed that L2 learners need to have extensive knowledge of vocabulary as it is useful in the long term run (Nation, 2001). Since the acquisition of vocabulary is so grave in learning a second language, effective ways of teaching and learning vocabulary should be emphasized.Research has confirmed that proper application of L1 can effectively assist the memorization of new run-in during L2 vocabulary learning process. Liu (2008) used the fact that L1 is present in L2 learners mind, thereof, whether the teacher uses L1 or not, the L2 knowledge that is being formed in their mind is linked in all sorts of ways with their L1 knowledge. This observation is supported from t he sociocultural theory perspective that L1 meanings continue to have a persistent effect in the L2 learning (Lantolf Thorne, 2006). Therefore, it is go for that through this study, we are able to draw some insights concerning the role of L1 and how L1 provides a familiar and effective way for acquiring and chthonicstanding the meaning of new words in L2 vocabulary learning.1.5 The Theoretical FrameworkThe theoretical framework for this study is based on three prominent second language acquisition theory, viz. the Krashens Monitor Model (1985), Swains Output guessing (1985) and Comprehensible Output (1995) and Longs Interaction Hypothesis (1981, 1996). It has been widely acknowledged that the three constructs of these theories, the stimulus, interaction and output are intimately related elements in L2 learning (Zhang, 2009). The commentary is vital for language acquisition. However, input entirely is not sufficient. In addition, interaction comes into play as an equally imp ortant role in the process of learning. As for output, it is the final result or the goal in learning L2.According to Krashen , the input and output of L2 learning and outturn is reflected by the model in Figure 1 down the stairsFigure 1 Krashens combined model of acquisition and productionLearners need to receive comprehendible input the L2 acquisition. Before the input is being processed into the Language Acquisition Device (LAD), it may or may not be filtered as the affectional Filter Hypothesis explains. With comprehensible input and low affectional filter, learners will be able to acquire the L2 knowledge and bring up output. However, the notion of output is not strongly stressed in this model, therefore a model of second language acquisition is alike adopted. The model is reflected in Figure 2 belowFigure 2 A model of second language acquisition and use (based on VanPatten, 1995)Based on the above Krashens combined model of acquisition and production (Figure 1) and a mod el of Van Pattens second language acquisition (Figure 2), the framework below (Figure 3) is conceptualized to represent the relationship between Krashens comprehensible Input and emotive Filter Hypothesis, Longs Interaction Hypothesis and Swains Output Hypothesis in second language acquisition process in the context of using L1 in L2 teaching of vocabulary.Figure 3 Conceptualized framework based on combination of input, interaction and output1.6 Significance of studySince there has been few studies done by the language teachers and professionals in identifying whether the use of L1 in the learning of L2 vocabulary on low proficiency students, this study will serve as a groundwork to attend the effectiveness and to enlighten insight of whether there is any differences, of how well the low proficiency students response and improve by using L1 in vocabulary learning. This paper hopes that the result from this study would add to the betterment of interest and motivation among the stud ents and improve their proficiency in second language vocabulary learning.1.7 Limitation of the StudyThis study examines only the low proficiency students who are studying in form 5, who are selected because they have been receiving below C grade for their English result. Due to insufficient representations of students of other level, generalization is applicable only to the form five students of the particular school. There is in any case the matter of class control. Since the students were from low achievement class, they are also the possibilities that they had discussed the answers among themselves. The research also suffers from time constraints. The purpose of this quantitative study is to determine the habit of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning on low proficiency students. get along studies may carry out in different samples for identification of different strategies and method use.2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 History of language learning on L1 use in L2 teachingThroughout the hist ory of second language acquisition both in the context of learning and especially teaching, the role of L1 has long been the closely long-standing controversies in the history of language pedagogy and this, according to Stern (as cited in Anh,2010) . This was throw out supported by Hitotuzi (2006) who stated that first and foremost, to further understand the important and significance of the relationship of L1 and L2 in second language acquisition, one should start as early as one could in the periodic the role of the learners first language in the process of foreign/ second language learning and acquisition. The issues of whether or not to use the L1 in the L2 teaching have left a debate among teachers with some feeling that under certain limitations, the L1 could be used as a tool while the other teachers feel that L1 should not be involved in the teaching of L2 (Stapa Majid,2009). According to Anh (2010), the attention given to this matter has been increasing and has garner a lot of interest in research and studies carried out to further develop the methods and issues concerning to the qualities of using L1 as a resource in the language classroom and also among the language teaching profession.The history of L1 physical exercise in L2 teaching can traced thought history and it could be considered to have started as early as in the nineteenth century in the western countries, where the Grammar write up Method dominated the L2 classroom (Anh, 2010). Howatt (as cited in Hitotuzi, 2006) also stated that the Grammar Translation Method enjoyed a widespread acceptance excessively in the late nineteenth-century until the realism War II, this is according to Bowen, Aden and Hilferty (as cited in Hitotuzi, 2006). Here, it can be seen that the usage and issues of L1 usage in L2 language acquisition has long started and practiced throughout history. According to Larsen-Freeman (as cited in Anh, 2010), the Grammar Translation Method derived from the teaching of t he classical languages, Latin and Greek, where, through this method, L2 was used in grammar illustration, bilingual vocabulary lists and translation exercises and was a fundamental goal in processing learners be able to read literature (Anh, 2010). Since then, as stated by Hitotuzi (2006), many other significance occurrence can be seen in the development of L1 in L2 acquisition such as of Howatts Direct Method which focused on the extremisms in the usage of the mother tongue a reason that occur in the twentieth century and was according to him, was shortly preceded by Lambert Sauveurs Natural Method and followed by the Armys Method, or the Audiolingual Method (ALM). The matter of L1 usage in L2 teachng has a deep root in Second language and Hitotuzi (2006) further mentioned that During these centuries of controversy over the role of L1 in the L2 learning context, many unsalted teaching, practice and sinvolving (or excluding) Learner L1 has been adopted they rely essentially on po pular beliefs. Anh (2010) also stated with the aim of developing post-communicative methods which regard L1 as a classroom resource, several studies connected to the role of L1 in the teaching of L2 have been conducted.2.2 Krashens Monitor ModelIn the theories of second language acquisition, the Input Hypothesis by Stephen Krashen (1985) is state to be one of the major theories frequently referred to (Zheng, 2008). This hypothesis aims to explain how learners acquire a second language. It claims that language input (vocabulary) is important to acquisition. For the acquisition of L2 vocabulary, comprehensible input is an essential factor. According to the hypothesis, second language acquisition happens when the learners understand input that contains grammatical forms at i+1 (Zhang, 2009). In simpler terms, if learners are able to understand the explanations and instructions given by teachers, then their current competence i will be promoted to i+1. Learners tend to achieve optimal a cquisition when they are able to understand most of the input while being challenged by some new vocabulary (Castro, 2010). It would be a waste of effort for a teacher to keep on speaking in L2 if the students are low proficiency L2 speakers. The teacher might be carrying many classroom activities but without the help of L1, the students cannot understand the instructions and participate in the activities. Therefore, it is crucial for teachers to provide sufficient comprehensible input to their students in the language classroom.When Krashen came out with the Input Hypothesis, he further described acquisition with another closely related hypothesis, the Affective Filter Hypothesis. The Affective Filter Hypothesis explains that learners need to receive the comprehensible input into their brains. However, learners tend to filter or block out the target language if they become tense, confused, angry or bored (Lightbown Spada, 1999). In order to prevent learners from having high affect ive filter towards target language, they need to be fed with acceptable taste of food. Previous studies have reported that teachers tend to fine students for using their L1 in English language classroom (Weinberg, 1990). If the students speak their L1 (Spanish, Cantonese, Mandarin, Vietnamese, Russian or Farsi) in the English language classroom, they will be fined 25 cents. This reminds me of my primary schooling days where we were make compulsory to communicate in English during the English Week and if we fail to do so, we will be fined 10 cents for each word spoken in our mother tongue. As a result, many students dared not speak much or speak out loud during that workweek because they could not converse in English language fluently. This situation clearly explains that when learners become frustrated, upset, angry and resentful at the environment of the language classroom, their learning stops. Therefore, it is critical for teachers to consider the barriers faced by the L2 learne rs especially turn down proficiency learners and provide comprehensible input to lower their affective filters.2.3 Longs Interaction HypothesisThe other important element in L2 learning is interaction. Long (1981, 1996) influenced by Krashens theory on input developed the Interaction Hypothesis. In addition, Long (1981, 1996) focused on the link between the language learners and their language development. Since early 1980s, researchers have been concentrating on studying the role of interaction and considered it as important for second language acquisition (Xu, 2010). The central focus of the Interaction Hypothesis is on the negotiation for meaning (Castro, 2010). Comprehensible input must be accompanied by interactions to yield a to a greater extent desirable output. The occurrences of interaction produce significances, feedbacks and input modifications that help to increase comprehension of content. Long (1996) noted that interaction facilitated comprehension and acquisition. In other words, interactive input is more important than non-interactive input (Ellis, 1994).Interactions in the language classroom are very important for both teachers and students. L2 learners should be given chances to interact with the teachers for clearer understanding. There should be possibilities for L2 learners to clarify requests, check comprehension and request for repetition in the classroom learning. Long (1981, 1996) noticed the differences in communication exchange between the native speakers and non-native speakers. For native speakers, they tend to continue communication despite the non-native speakers language limitations. Therefore, the non-native speakers need frequent negotiations for better understanding (Zhang, 1010). As such, the language used in delivering contents needs to be comprehensible to the learners so that their attention can be drawn in the classroom learning. Besides, L1 should be used as a tool to sustain the interactions between L2 low proficiency learners and their teachers so that both parties can enter into negotiation for meaning.2.4 Swains Output HypothesisIn response to the Input Hypothesis by Krashen (1985), Swain (1985) argued that comprehensible input may not be sufficient for successful second language acquisition (Zhang, 2009). Furthermore, in order to produce comprehensible output, comprehensible input alone is not sufficient to L2 learning process. Research has been conducted using the Output Hypothesis and the results show that there is a link between language use and language learning (Zhang, 2009). From here, we know that in order to yield desirable output, we have to consider the factors that contribute to a more effective learning process.2.5 Low proficiency L2 learners and vocabulary learningAccording to Anh (2010), due to the controversial of the impact of L1 usage in L2 teaching, many studies and research have been done on it. Although most of the research have been on the subject none really focused on how L1 usage in L2 teaching in the context of Low proficiency L2 learners. As stated by Latsanyphone and Bouangeune (2009), few experimental research and studies has been done on L1 to observe to find out whether it is an effective tool for teaching low proficiency learners. They further stated that The many agreement by professionals from the field of second language acquisitions such as Nation, 2001 Swain Lapkin, 2000 Atkinson, 1987 Tang, 2002 Auerbach, 1993 Mattioli, 2004 that stated and agree L1 usage would be an advantage with low proficiency students in a target language suggested that L1 plays an significant function in language teaching, particularly for the low proficiency learners. According to Latsanyphone and Bouangeune (2009), result from a study conducted by Ramachandran and Rahim (2004), who studied the effectiveness of using L1 in translation method, suggested that using L1 in the course of translation method was more effective than not using L1 in developing ESL le arners vocabulary knowledge ability, and could also advance elementary ESL learners skill to recall the meaning of the word that they have learnt. They further stated that Based on the above, it seems necessary to look at the approaches for vocabulary teaching. Such implication could only mean that L1 in the teaching of L2 in the context of low proficiency students could prove to an advantage and should be further investigate the effectiveness of using L1 in teaching vocabulary to low proficiency learners despite the controversy of L2 teaching should only used L2 language as the medium of teaching.3.0 Methodology3.1 IntroductionThis section presents the study design and sets of procedures that were employed for the entropy collection of this research. The sample for this research was taken from a secondary school in Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. Only the Form five students from the low proficient class are involved in the study.3.2 SubjectsThe subjects for the study were selected of f orm five students in a secondary school in Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. They were selected from the classes that have the lowest result of English (c and below).3.3 Instruments cardinal establishs (pre- running play and post-test) were used to obtain and collect data in this study. The students literacy was measured using language tests. Two vocabulary tests were conducted in the classroom within 1 week. The students were instructed to overreach or cross depending on whether they know the meaning of the word. If yes, then they need to provide the meaning using their own words and the answer in L1. Their test results were collected and analyzed.3.2 ProceduresThis approach is based on a questionnaire survey conducted on the target group. The main instrument used for this study is an open-ended vocabulary questionnaire that consists of ten chosen English vocabulary from SPM level essay. Where the students are instructed to tick or cross depending on whether they know the meaning of the word. If yes, then they need to provide the meaning using their own words and the answer in L1. A pre-test was conducted on the students. After the pre-test, the students were divided into ii groups, experimental and control. The control group have explanation and discussion of the vocabulary and its meaning in English while the experimental group explanation and discussion were conducted in L1 (Bahasa Melayu). A post-test was done a week later. Both the experimental and control group were given the same format of questionnaire with the same questions/words as previous test. The purpose of the second test was to see how many words were acquired one week before could be remembered, and to see whether there was any difference in the vocabulary acquisition of the new words between the two groups.3.3 Data analysisA quantitative method was used in processing the data. The data collected in the study was inspected. Tests were objectively marked by the researchers. For each correct answ er/ meaning, they were given 1 mark. Data builds were carefully typed into the SPSS data table in order to gain the desired data and analyzed using independent sample T-test analysis.4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Pre-testThe objective of the analysis of the questionnaire is to answer the two questions of What are the effects of using L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom? and To what extend does the use of L1 increase the performances of L2 vocabulary learning. The results were interpreted independent sample T-test analysis shown in the graph below.The distribution of pre-test account statement by Class 1 (Experimental throng) is skew to the right. It has a range from 0 to 2. IQR is 1. The mean and median(a) are similar at 1.1 and 1 respectively. According to this graph, two of the students received 0 marks, 5 of them with 1 mark, and three of them with 3 marks. This could probably due to lack of knowledge of the given words and their meaning. However, from the answered questio nnaire received, it could be seen that they do showed sign of positiveness and effort when they do try to answer each words in direct translation using L1 for example homeless, answered as kurang rumah.The distribution of pre-test score by Class 2 ( assure Group) is skewed to the right too. It has a range from 0 to 8. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 2 and 1 respectively. Accordingly, I students with 0 mark, 5 students achieved 3 mark, 2 student with 2 mark, I student with 3 marks and only 1 students received 6 marks. This group also showed poor comprehension of the given word although fared slightly better than the experimental group.From the above result, we can see that the post-test mean of Experimental Group (Class 1) is 14.2 and the post-test mean of Control Group (Class 2) is 11.8. Compare with the pre-test mean of Experimental Group (Class 1) is 1.1 and the pre-test mean of Control Group (Class 2) is 2, Experimental Group (Class 1) improve mean of 13.1 and Contro l Group (Class 2) improve mean of 9.8. The Improvement of Experimental Group (Class 1) is higher than Control Group (Class 2).4.2 Post-testThe distribution of post-test score by Class 1 (Experimental Group) is skewed to the left. It has a range from 11 to 15. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 14.3 and 15 respectively. For this post-test, there seems to be an improvement according to the data results. eight-spot of students in the experimental group achieved 15 words correct, compared to the previous test where the highest is 3 words correct. The usage of L1 had further enhanced their understanding of the word and therefore resulting them to perform better in the post-test.The distribution of post-test score by Class 2 (Control Group) is skewed to the left too. It has a range from 7 to 13. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 11.8 and 12 respectively. We could see from the result that there is improvement from the pre-test. Eight of the students had managed to get 12 and 13 correct.From the result above, we could see that the usage of L1 in the learning of vocabulary on low proficiency students do have a differences.4.2 Problems with this studyThere were also problems and limitation that needed to be addressed in regards to this study. First and foremost, are the time constraints. As we progress with the research, we found that the duration of one week interval is not sufficient to test their understanding and memory. Another matter that concerns us is the insufficient representations of subjects therefore, generalization could not be made for all form five low proficiency students. From the questionnaires that received back, we could not guaranty on the class control since we, the researcher are not there our self. Therefore, we could not be positive that the test was done under control situation, meaning, the teacher had made sure that the students had answered all the questions on their own.5.0 CONCLUSIONFrom the independent samples test, p-value was not above 5%, we have found a statistically significant difference between the true population mean post-test result by Experimental Group (Class 1) and Control Group (Class 2) at the significance level. This essence that the Experimental Group (Class 1) has the sufficient evidence to suggest that they should teach the students base on their mother tongue language. However, from the result, by using L2 in vocabulary learning, could also achieve improvement. Therefore, it is hard to conclude which of the method is most effective if we were to compare them. However, the result remains that L1 usage do enhance the vocabulary acquisition. Taken together, the effects of using of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom is encouraging and constructive. L1 should be used as a facilitator in the L2 vocabulary learning especially with students of lower proficiency.

Introduction To Personal Development Plan Personal Development Essay

door To Personal Development Plan Personal Development Essay1. Introduction to Personal Development PlanPersonal Development Plan (PDP) refers to activities that improve egotism-knowledge and identity, reveal natural terminalowments and potential, create human capital and employ competency, enhance quality of life and carry to the realization of dreams and aspirations. The concept is not limited to self-development but includes formal and informal activities for developing others as well. Fin bothy as ad hominem development takes place in the context of institutions, it refers to the methods, programs, tools, techniques, and assessment systems that support human development at the individual direct in giving medications. A soulfulnessal development political platform is a meticulously designed program which handlings psychological tools such as the Personal Effectiveness Scale and created in order to create an understanding between a subscriber and an employee of an org anization on important aras of development memory in mind the carriages in which these needs would be supported. PDPs are usu exclusivelyy developed in companies and it acknowledges the plan discussed between the employer and employee.2. PurposeIn this assignment I want to create Personal Development Plan for myself through which I would exertion to cerebrate on the areas where I need to take shape upon in order to achieve my short, medium and long-term objectives. So to start the process of developing a PDP for myself I would like to start with my introduction and my public life path till date and my future objectives. I work in an Indian government financial organization as an investment consultant at the commercial investment section and my public life objective would be to become the passenger car of clubs zonal branch in next 3-4 years. My aim is to open my own financial invest farm for commercial investors in next 5-6 years.3. ObjectivesShort term To improve my con summateance to conform off better bug output using my unfaltering points.Medium term To enhance my day to day on the job(p) knowledge and to further improve my own ability to perform at a certain level consistently.Long term To overhaul myself with self evaluation of my strong and weak points and build upon the ability to draw out continuous call downth and keep growing.Short term To improve my surgical procedure to get better output using my strong points.Target Period 6 MonthsOrganisational objectives Try to implement the plan and increase the amount of loans to the needed people and organisations.Learnings to suffice the supra requirement To perfect and constantly evaluate my skills.Need to perform to achieve the in a higher place Need to att shoemakers last courses and complete reviews by the elderberry bush focusing people.Support resources I might need to crossroads a peculiar(prenominal) and planned course and which might require somewhat money to be i nvested.What immediate success am I beliefing at To raise my performance at an exceptionally exhaustively level by the end of 1st year with the admirer of learnings and feedback tolerated on the above.Target current to accomplish the above engineer Though I am looking at a time frame of 6 months but would be pushing it to achieve as briefly as possible.Medium term To enhance my day to day working knowledge and to further improve my own ability to perform at a certain level consistently.Target Period 6 monthsObjectives towards achieving organizational and departmental stopping points Learning and enhancing my knowledge on the subject by implementation of own PDP and deli actually the knowledge on day to day performance.Facts that I need o learn Constantly evaluate self performance and find out recent paths of improvement in eitherthing and eitherthing I require to perform.What myself need to do to achieve the above Need to attend some specific courses related to my work plain and try to learn as much as possible from the experienced seniors at work and too get review on my learnings.Kind of resources I would require to support the above expected achievement Might need to join a specific and planned course and which might require some money to be invested.What will be my expected success To admit a undetermined self understanding of what I am doing and what is my expected consequent in near future.Target period to accomplish the above fair game Planned time frame is 6 months but expecting to achieve by end of 4-5 months.Long term To function myself with self evaluation of my strong and weak points and build upon the ability to sustain continuous growth and keep growing.Time period 1 to 4 yearsOrganizational and departmental objectives Implementation of my PDP and enhance my knowledge in financial domain and increase my work experience to be commensurate to r apiece the managerial level of the organization with remarkable remunera tion package within 2-3 years and then to open my own investment company to help small time investors in the state.What would I need to learn and apply to achieve the above To be perfect in my work keeping the process in place and keeping an eye on constant evaluation of self financial and managerial skills, work hard and climb the integrated ladder at the earliest.What will I need to do to achieve the above To attend available courses, Learn from experienced sources. Keep the performance level at an exceptional standard. Create a last(a)work of high and influential people both from inside and outside of organization. Create favorable environment in my organization. Completion of self reviews on a regular and timely basis.What kind of resources and support I would need to support the above expectation Need to be get closer with influential clients and higher management people of the organization which might involve some cost in way of entertaining them and entrust them with s ome help in completing and meeting their demand. To create a network of powerful and influential people for myself.Target period to accomplish the above Planned time frame is 1 4 years but expecting to achieve by end of 3 years.4. Professional SkillsTo be a successful and effective manager some skills are required, which help in performing well in the job and simultaneously grow vertically in the career ladder. I have classified the powers based on various important tasks that I would expect to perform in the organization.Task-based skillThis skill helps a manager to properly plan to execute complex tasks, manage travails and run an efficient operation, it in any case helps in planning, organizing and monitoring performance on a regular basis. It is besides important to be results oriented, to be someone who constantly fathers a sense of urgency and has the perseverance to get things done under tight time pressures. This also help to be able to build resilience to bounce bac k following setbacks and to build the power within to not to get defeated soft and sustain in crunchy bunks.Team based skillThis skill helps a manager in identifying and appointing associate or model leaders to learn and develop leadership skills and qualities. This also helps to foster team spirit and setting up benchmark for performances. This is the most important factor to groom team members. This skill facilitates the bearing of necessary infrastructure supports and integrating tem members.Team member based skillsThis skill specifically helps the manager to identify the talent among team members. This helps the manager to nurture the talent of the members in sync with the organizational goals. This is also important quality to assign and balance team members needs and the most importantly to appreciate the performance of each individual team member as and when necessary.My learnings on positive managerial and leadership skillsIn my earlier employment with the Bajaj Allianz li fe insurance I had a chance demonstrate my managerial skill which worked in a very positive way to get my new job where I am in now. I had to suggest one of our client the best option to invest his money. To work out the best result for him, I did my research on all the available options and studied the pros and cons of all kind of investments options like investment in a market linked insurance fund, directly buying shares or debentures from commonplace market, investment in bonds or con unwaveringed minimum returns on investments like fixed deposits, mutual funds etc and provided him with my suggestion which was a market linked infrastructure bond along with a health insurance. The return received by the client made him give a positive feedback about my commercial keenness and which in turn helped me create maturewill for my company. This also helped me create a long term relationship with the client as well as build my network of people ensuring that I potty always expect him to reach out to me for his future investments and in turn stack use his contacts and influence to help me in future.In Bajaj Allianz, I had also been allotted the responsibility of providing training to newly joined insurance agents and the field and trainee managers who were newly inducted in the company. This was bouncy help and knowledge gain for me to nurture and polish my people management skill as I was responsible to train people with the product knowledge as well as the rules and regulations of the company as well as the companys position and field of operations in the market. This helped me a lot in understanding our target audience and helps them understanding the products and the company in the most efficient way as possible. This role and my performance were very instrumental to judge my leadership and management skill from the positive feedback of the trainees.5. Personal skillsCommunicationCommunication is one of the most important tool which needs to be used very e ffectively when it comes to be a manager or a leader. It post be formal or informal, work related or non work related, layabout be personal or impersonal, creative or factual. Thoughts or messages may be conveyed verbally, in penning or nonverbally, but it is always very important that whichever subject or whatever mode it is conveyed, it is send away to both the owner and the receiver. There are many instances where examples of each communication approach may have been successfully employ and at the selfsame(prenominal) time things have gone wrong just due to the improper communication, be it at work, at home or at the most highest level of society including government communication.WrittenPerson should be able to express himself loud and clear in written communication. Be it writing essays for school or writing an application for a job, creating his bio-data, research thesis, day to day email communications, anywhere and everywhere it is very important to be clear about wha t he or she is trying to convey and to be sure the person at the other end is clear about the message.VerbalAs he word goes that speech out of mouth and arrow out of bow can never be returned back, so it is passing important that we ingest words before any verbal communication is made. Be I formal or informal, person should be well efficient and double clear about conveying thoughts easily and getting engaged with other people. It is also to be kept in mind the mode by which message is conveyed, whether socially among friends or in a gathering or on telephone.Body LanguageAnother most important but highly ignored way of communication is the persons self body language. Person has to have the ability to match is own body language appropriately to what he or she is trying to convey verbally. It is the presence and display of body language which supports the verbal communication heavily in every places, be it at work or at a public gathering or be it in a social function. The eye cont act, gestures and postures, movement, expressions everything is highly counted when it comes to any communication to take place and to produce the coveted outcome.6. Working in teamIts very important and highly noticed by the management of any organization is that how well a manager can work with the fellow team members. Its valued at a very high level, not only in case of work but otherwise in all respect, its important to demands to have good skill to work with others and create a positive environment. The factors which are included in this skill set are as below.Co-operationA person should have the quality to be able to co-operate with all level of people in all kind of emplacements. Its highly important to be able to bring into effect the co-cooperativeness in both way, from the person himself and to get the same from others, which plays a big role in accomplishing any target. Not only work but any group activity like in sports, or group discussion or for that matter preparin g project report, in every cases co-operation in a positive way is very important.Importance of sensitivityIt is this skill which makes a person close and valuable to others. capability to understand the need and offer help and respond is very important, regardless of age and level. A person who can reach out to anyone and display his esthesia to help others to handle situation is one of the best quality one should develop.Quality of negotiationIts important to reach at a logical end and desired outcome, but it does not happen always that you are in win win situation. In day to day activity also a person needs to be flexible lavish to sometime negotiate and compromise to reach at a winning outcome. It is not always that the person or organization you are dealing with very understanding, rather it is highly common that people are reluctant to think the way you are thinking, peculiarly when it comes to government organization and bureaucratic run departments.Leadership qualityThis is purely team oriented. How good a person in conveying his ideas to fellow members and provide them with a feeling that they are important for the success and most importantly motivate and encourage each individual member in all situation to give their best for the overall success is the best quality a leader can wish for.7. Problem solving qualitiesTo have the skill to fork over ideas to solve any kind of problems and bring an end to issues and conflicts are counted as the problem solving skill of a person.Planning and organizingThe ability develop a well thought plan and set the required sequence of systematic process and ideas are part of a successful result in every part of day o day to life. Planning is one thing and organizing the required requirements and executing them as per plan comes under a persons perfect organizing skill. It also comes handy when we think about simply organizing a group, party or get together or for that matter clients demonstration, a proper planni ng and deed through seamless organizing skill is highly important.CreativityGenerating new ideas or reusing existing solutions in a new way is what it matters when it comes to handling a situation or solving a problem. Its not always that we need to come up with new approach or ideas to deal with a situation, but we should be able to use any existing methods in a better way and apply the same in a different approach depending on the kind and disposition of issues.Research and analysisDoing a thorough research on the subject and gathering all sort of required informations plays a vital role to derive at a successful outcome. Not only gathering informations but then analyzing the same in respect of the situation and nature of the issue gives a chance in most of the cases that the result is expected in a positive way.8. egotism learning and improving performanceSelf developmentThis talks about knowing self strength and weakness. It is the most important skill a human being needs to develop to grow and find out his ultimate goal in life. Understanding his own strength and weakness about his personal ability, educational capability and career goal is what makes a person to reach where he wants to. On personal front he or she needs to know which skill is better in him and which is the strong point he can bank upon to pursue his career. On educational front its not only the normal study what is basic, but it is the self evaluation of his progress, constant review and correction towards his targets which is very important. As per the career development, it is very important to be clear and focused towards the ultimate goal in his career. He has to be firm on his decision on what he wants to be and work constantly towards reaching that level.LeaningTo be able to learn from all available situations and apply the same learnings in different contexts as and when required. Its not only books, but learning from day to day experience, from playing a game, working at home, nurturing his hobby, learning can be from anything and every situation a person come across, but what is important to find out whether we apply the same when we face any situation, thats more important. It is the transfer of our learning experience from one situation to another situation is what we need to be good at.Logical abstract thoughtPerson should have to be able to use his reasoning skill and logical thinking towards defending an argument or making a statement. A planning without any logical reasoning in place can never produce positive result. He has to foresee the effects of the planning in advance and that is only possible when he can think logically and apply the proper reasoning behind the decision taken or else it can only produce an adverse result.Self judgmentOne of the most important skill is to be able to judge and question his own performance. Unless a person can reflect on his own performance and find out where he stands as per his expectation and critique his sort falls, he can never revaluate and find out the reason and also the answers for the incorrect result. It is self judgment and revaluation which can work as the corrective measure and can rebuild the situation and change the failure to success.Study skillTo enhance knowledge on subject from finding more and more informations from people well-nigh and relevant sources. Going through different educative materials, gathering informations from journals, available notes, collecting ideas from reference books from library, going through thesis, finding documents available on net there are so many ways of increase your study skill and enhance self-knowledge on the subject which will only make you stronger and firm while talking on the subject or when taking decisions.9. Audit on self assessmentQuestionnaireNow to find where I stand as per my target achievement and planning and evaluate my progress, I need to create a set of questionnaire and mark myself depending on the options of answ ers.I need to find out what is my score on each question there can be four options Answers attach1. Strongly Disagree 12. Tend to disagree 23. Tend to agree 34. Strongly agree 4Communication Reading skillQuestions MarksAm I good enough in reading both study materials and othersAm I good enough in finding information from different sourcesAm I well internal with finding informations from electronic mediaAm I heart-to-heart enough to go through and understand the materials after readingCan I create documents from the above informations when I work on assignments or projectsAm I able to read texts or documents and summarize the gist of what the author had tried to convey __________________ get along Marks Obtained 22 (4+4+4+4+3+3)Communication Writing skillQuestions MarksAm I good enough in writing both study related or normal communicationAm I good enough in expressing my ideas and viewsDo I plan and develop ideas in mind before penning it downHow good am I when it come to gr ammar or spellingAm I capable enough to create documents as per specifications of department or course or the institution standardAm I good enough to create notes from a lecture or group discussions or a founding or any demonstration __________________Total Marks Obtained 21 (4+3+4+4+3+2)Communication VerbalQuestions MarksAm I clear when I engage myself in any verbal communicationAm I good enough in conveying and explaining concepts or ideas to group of peopleAm I good enough in giving a presentation using slides, graphs, charts, diagramsDo I listen carefully to others and try to understand their point of viewsCan I always come to a logical conclusions keeping both my own and others viewsAm I good enough in getting involvement of people when I discuss or convey or present_____________________Total Marks Obtained 18 (4+2+2+4+3+3)Team WorkQuestions MarksAm I a good team memberAm I clear in understanding the target goal and achievement of the teamDo I agree and work towards achievi ng the teams targetAm I sensitive enough about each fellow team members roles in achieving successAm I good enough in monitoring the teams progress and efforts and bring forward challenges faced by the team towards achieving targetGiven a chance would I be able to lead a team_____________________Total Marks Obtained 21 (4+4+4+4+3+2)Problem SolvingQuestions MarksAm I skilled enough to break down a big task in small executable partDo I look for help when I cannot get through the problem rather than wasting timeDo I enjoy the challenge in solving problems and feel capable at the endDo I plan and do a brainstorm session involving the team members as and when necessary before getting startedDo I foresee the possible outcome before I carry the task outAm I flexible and capable enough to look for alternate solutions depending on situations and progress rate_____________________Total Marks Obtained 21 (3+4+4+3+3+4)Self learnings and personal effectivenessQuestions MarksAm I organized at my work and organize my tasks in order to meet target and deadlinesDo I constantly evaluate self progress towards meeting the targetAm I clear about my strength and weakness about planning and meeting targets on timeAm I capable enough to find help and support to complete assigned tasksAm I clear about my future targets about my careerDo I discuss my thoughts with people around_____________________Total Marks Obtained 21 (4+3+4+4+4+2)Grand Total 124 ancestry at my strength and weakness based on the above self assessment auditStrengths From above audit I can see that my strengths are good communication skill, being a good team member, inclination towards solving problem etc I would always try to use these strong points very effectively to manage work and towards achieving my objectives in career.Weaknesses I can see my weaknesses in the fields of creating documents, making presentation, lack of confidence in leading a team and being little introvert. I would definitely work towar ds fixing these issues at the earliest with the help of my strength.10. Result EvaluationThe result is not instead surprising to me as I knew some of my weaknesses. Though I am always a good team member and my communications are good but I am not good in making presentations and creating documents. I also lack in taking quick decisions sometime. But to me, the larger issue seems like my lack of confidence in leading people. I am little introvert and not very vocal which might have led to me being less confident.11. Action PlanDevelopment Area Presentation Skills / Leadership Quality / Decision MakingThe plan is to conduct gibe sessions and practice as much as possible. This would prevent me from any kind fear in me when presenting real-time. After all, presenting a piece of information in a compelling manner is vital to a manager and there is gets all the more necessary to get groomed on the presentation skills. Also I hope these training sessions will let me gain the confidence to present in front of crowd or a business group. I would join some short courses, attend seminars and workshops on effective leadership quality development, though I am always a good team fraud but I need to gain the confidence and quality of leading a team as well. I also would work with some senior level management people who are at decision making authority level to find out more on the skill and try to improve upon.12. ConclusionFrom my self prepared PDP, I am quite confident that I am on the right path and also confident that I can overcome the weaknesses I have in some specific fields with help from internal and external sources and also would try to use my strong points to dominate over my weaknesses. I want t be on the right track and would want to see myself as a role model for people who wants to succeed in financial sector and want to reach to the managerial level and start his own entrepreneurship.

Capital Punishment Essay: Death Penalty Can be Fair, and Fun!

The Death Penalty Can be Fair Every American should want fairness in all(prenominal) areas of public policy - this is especially true with regard to the death penalty, since the stakes are high. notwithstanding the opponents of the death penalty make a most funny argument about fairness. They argue that if the death penalty is not administered moderately, and especially administered with racial fairness, it must be abolished. Nobody would even think of trying to hand this principle in a consistent way. If we find that black neighborhoods get less police protection than vacuous neighborhoods, would we withdraw cops from both black and white neighborhoods? If banks are discriminating against black home buyers in mortgage lending, would we demand they stop all mortgage lending? If we find the IRS discriminating against middle-class and unworthy taxpayers, would we want to abolish the IRS? All right, that does have an attraction, but nobody is seriously suggesting it. What do the opponents of the death penalty say should replace it? Life imprisonment, perhaps? But there is no reason to believe this penalty is more fairly imposed than the death penalty. So are we going to knock the maximum polish up to 10 years? If so, we face the same problem. In addition to the philosophical incoherence of the argument, the empirical reality of racial disparity in capital penalisation is a lot more complicated than simplistic notions about racism run riot in the criminal justice system would lead you to believe. Its authoritative here to understand that the opponents of the death penalty make two different arguments about racial fairness, and they are flatly contradictory. The first thing that we see when we plump looking at statistics is... ...pital defendants are a highly self-selected and hardly unbiased group. So what we have, in the way of hard statistical evidence, fails to support the politically meliorate fantasy of massive discrimination. Is the dea th penalty administered with perfect fairness? No. Is it administered as fairly as other public policies, and especially as fairly as other criminal sanctions? Yes. Public officials should work to make the system even fairer. In particular, better provision could be made for an effective defense in capital cases. And I think that a revival of executive clemency (which has fallen into disuse) in cases where a jury is perceived to have been likewise harsh would be a good thing. But the notion that unfairness, and particularly racial unfairness, requires the end of the death penalty makes neither philosophical nor empirical sense.

Comparing Female Identity in To The Lighthouse, Heat of the Day and Under the Net :: comparison compare contrast essays

Female Identity in Virginia Woolfs, To The Lighthouse, Elizabeth Bowens, Heat of the Day and Iris Murdochs, nether the NetAfter reading Virginia Woolfs, To The Lighthouse, readers are leave with the disturbing reality of the role of a woman during this time period. The characters of Mrs. Ramsay and Lily Briscoe portray these demeaning roles. However, instead of completely giving in to the domination of men, they are starting line the womans movement of resistance in the period of the beginning of World War I. Likewise, in Elizabeth Bowens novel, The Heat of the Day, different egg-producing(prenominal) roles emerge from the characters which help present change in the identity of women and power. The two main female characters, Stella Rodney and Louie Lewis, among others in this World War Two time-framed novel, carry works class jobs. They are starting to change the stereotypical views of women just being housewives and serving their husbands. These characters allow readers to plai nly see that women are capable of and deserve compare on the same level as men. This essentially paves the road to other novels of this time after World War II, such as Iris Murdochs, Under the Net. In this novel women are starting to receive respect for their positions in the world. Men are recognizing their significant value in society. This can be seen by the relationship between the characters of Jake Donaghue and Anna Quentin. Victoria Glendinning further exemplifies the correlation between these 20th Century novels. She is a contemporary fiction writer and biographer of Bowen, Rebecca West, and Trollope, among others. Glendinning states that, She Bowen is a major(ip) writerShe is what happened after Bloomsburythe link that connects Virginia Woolf with Iris Murdoch and Mrielk Spark. These highly regarded and well-respected female authors are showing that women can and do hold power in our society. These authors localise the message to readers that women throughout time have been and still are fully capable of thinking for themselves. They can hold their own ground without having to subject themselves to the restraint of the males, be it in writing novels, raising a family, working in a factory, or pursuing a singing career. Thus, they as all women, deserve to be held in respect for their achievements and deserve equality. In reference to Virginia Woolfs novel, To The Lighthouse she takes the major female characters of Mrs.